— — 

jj N,i ' 



f=*H 



^L£>u 



And Routes to ~ ^^13§fc>' ; ^ 

BUFFALO, NIAGARA FALLS, LAKE GEORGE, ^% 

IZICHFIELV AJSTD SARATOGA SBttlJSTGS. 

BY 

127 THURSTY McQUILL. 




S ALB A.N" Y > 5 and 6€ C. V" 

iE^LVE NEW YORK EVERY "'' 

fiESTRY ST. PIER & 24th. ST. FroF- 



>7* 



THURSTY McQT 

Sold at News Offices f 

PUBLISF' 
Proprietor of New? 



TIME T^BILiDB.. 

NEW YOEK AND ALBANY DAY LINE FOE 1880. 
News Stand Announcement of the "Albany" and the " Vibbard." 



44 



OUR NEWS STAND." 



HUDSON RIVER MAP AND GUIDE.— The Hudson River Tourist will find 
the New Map of the River of great service. It indicates accurately all the prominent resi- 
dences and villas, the names and heights of the mountains, towns, cities and villages. It is 
nine feet long, handsomely bound, and folded in a neat little book. Price 50 Cents. 

THE HUDSON BY DAYLIGHT GUIDE.— Complete description of the Hudson 
and routes to Lake George, Saratoga and the West. 224 pages. Price 25 Cents. 



TIME TABLE 

OF THE 

ALBANY&VIBBARD 

Going North. 



New York: 

Vestry St., - 

24th St., 
Nyack Ferry, 
West Point, 

Newburgh, - 

Po'keepsie, 

Rhinebeck, 

Catskill, 

Hudson, 

Albany, 



8.35 

9.00 

10.25 

11.50 

P. M. 

12.25 
1,15 
2.10 
3.25 
3.45 
6.10 



GUIDES FOR 1880. 



HUDSON RIVER MAP. 
HUDSON BY DAYLIGHT. 
HUDSON ILLUSTRATED. 
GUIDE TO WEST POINT. 
GUIDE TO CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. 
GUIDE TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
GUIDE TO THE ADIRONDACK^. 
GUIDE TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 
GUIDE TO NEW ENGLAND RESORTS. 
APPLETON'S NEW YORK ILLUST'D 
GUIDE TO NEW YORK CITY. 



TIME TABLE 

OF THE 

ALBANY&VIBBARD 

Going Soutb. 



Albany, 
Hudson, 
Catskill, 

Ithinebeck, 
Po'keepsie, 
Newburgh, - 
West Point, 
Nyack Ferry. 
New York : 

24th St., 

Vestry St., - 



8.30 
10.40 
11.00 

P. M. 

12.25 
1.20 
2.15 
2.50 
4.05 

5.30 
5.50 



APPLETON'S NEW YORK CITY ILDUSTRATED.-Over 60 fine views of 
•ninent features of New York City. Price GO Cents. 

-ON'S GUIDE MAP TO SUMMER RESORTS AROUND NEW 
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BY 




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CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, PITTSFIELD, SARATOGA SPRINGS, 

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THE FIRST DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE HUDSON EVER PUBLISHED. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by 

WALLACE BRUCE, 

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 



PUBLISHED BY 

GAYLORD WATSON, 

No. lG BEEKMAN STBEET, 
NEW YORK. 



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PARAGRAPH CONTENTS. 



The Hudson River Guide Board, indicating the prominent 
features of the Hudson, occupy the first seventeen pages. 

The Hudson River Description will be found between pages 
twenty-three and seventy-six, including the Tappan-Zee, the 
Highlands, the Catskills, towns, cities, and everything of interest 
to the tourist. 

The route from Albany to Pittsfield will be found between 
pages seventy-seven and seventy-nine. 



The route to Howe's Cave, Cooperstown, Richfield Springs 
and Binghamton via Albany and Susquehanna Division of Dela- 
ware and Hudson Canal Company, occupies pages eighty and 
eighty-five, inclusive. 



The route to the Thousand Islands, Niagara Falls, via Ilion, 
Utica, Trenton Falls, Syracuse, Rochester, and Cleveland, occu- 
pies pages eighty-six and one hundred and one, inclusive. 



The route from Albany and Troy to Saratoga Springs, Schroon 
Lake and the Adirondack Railroad, occupies pages one hundred 
and two and one hundred and fourteen, inclusive. 

The route to Lake George, Lake Champlain, the Ausable 
Chasm, Plattsburg, and Montreal, occupies pages one hundred 
and fifteen and one hundred and thirty-three, inclusive. 

The route from New York to Philadelphia, Harrisburg, Pitts- 
burgh, Chicago, Omaha, Cheyenne, Denver, Ogden, Salt Lake 
City, San Francisco, the Yo Semite, and Southern California, 
will be found between pages one hundred and thirty-four and 
one hundred and sixty-five, inclusive. 



CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AID MINING ENGINEERING 

AT THE 

§Wt«tat: § olgtec fotic institute 

a?3EiO"^r D 3ST. TST. 

The Oldest Engineering School in America, 

NEXT TERM BEGINS SEPTEMBER 16th. 

The Register for 1880 contains a list of the graduates for the past 
fifty -four years, with their positions ; also, course of study, requirements, 
expenses, etc. Address, 

DAVID M. GREENE, Director. 

BRYANT LITERARY UNION, 

F. H, BEYANT, Manager. 



"The Best Talent for the Least Money." 

ALL LECTURE COMMITTEES, ASSOCIATIONS, or 
INDIVIDUALS, who contemplate a Lecture Course the 
coming season, will do well to send for a Circular of 
this new Lecture Bureau. Address 

BRYANT LITERARY UNION, 

(Room 35) New Yoak Evening Post Building, New York City, 



Landmarks and Residences 



HUDSON RIVER 



THE TOURIST GUIDE-BOARD 



As the Hudson River Steamboats leave Pier 39, (or any of the down-town 
piers below Canal Street), the following prominent Buildings and Landmarks 
can be seen by the Tourist ; 

Trinity Church Spire, about half-a-mile from the Battery — the mo t graceful 
Church spire in the City. 

Western Union Telegraph Co., the next spire to the north. 

St. Paul's Church, north of the "Western Union Telegraph Co., two blocks. 

Post- Office, a large building with heavy dome and flag-staff. 

Tribune Building, high pointed tower just north of the Post-Office. 

Brooklyn Bridge. The Piers of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge, joined 
by large Cables, will be seen just north of the Tribune Building. 

Old Laight Street Church, a graceful, poinl ed spire, east of Pier 39. 

Steveyis' Castle will be seen on the west bank of the River, and above this the 
Elysian Fields. 

Twenty-fourth Street Pier, up-town landing of the New York & Albany Day 
Line. 

Monastery of the Passionist Fathers, large building of the St. Paul (London), 
style of architecture, on the west shore above Hoboken. 

Manhattan Market, close to the River bank on the New York side, at the foot 
of 84th Street, with tower and clock. 

St. Patrick's Cathedral. After passing Manhattan Market, the traveler will 
3 

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THE FRANK LESLIE 

PUBLICATIONS 



MOST POPULAR, 

MOST INSTRUCTIVE, 

; MOST ENTERTAINING. 

ALL JPBOFUSJELT ILLUSTRATED. 



The Frank Leslie Publications may be obtained at eyery News 

Depot, and on all Railway Trains and Steamboat 

Lines in the country. 



Subscriptions by mail should be addressed to 

FRANK LESLIE'S PUBLISHING HOUSE, 
53, 55 & 57 Park Place, 

NEW YORK. 



see, about a mile from the River, the new Cathedral on Fifth Avenue and 
Fiftieth Street. 

Old Striker Mansion, one of the old landmarks, close to the River, at the foot 
of Fifty-second and Fifty-third Streets, a white house half hidden in the trees ; 
the first woods or trees on the River north of the Battery. 

Weehawken, almost opposite, where the duel took place between Hamilton 
and Burr, in 1804. 

Eosevelt Hospital, Fifty-ninth Street, a quarter of a mile from the Eiver, with 
a high, pointed spire. 

Old Jacob Barker Place, one of the well-known names of 1812, is located at 
the foot of Seventieth Street, above the large Grain Elevator of the New York 
Central and Hudson River Railroads. 

New York Orphan Asylum, at Seventy-fourth Street. Three-story building, 
of light-colored brick. 

Gfidlenberg Brewery, large five-story white building, on the west bank , oppo- 
site the Asylum. 

Fernando Woods' Residence, north-east of the New York Orphan Asylum, just 
visible through the trees. 

Shadyside Village, on the west side. 

Bouse of Mercy, on the bluff at Eighty-sixth Street, red brick building with 
pointed windows in the roof. A line drawn east from this point will pass 
through the centre of Central Park. 
' The Old Waldo Place, in the trees near Ninetieth Street. 

Striker's Bay, on the New "York side, north of Ninety-sixth Street. 

Bloomingdale Insane Asylum. Large building fronting the Boulevard at 117th 
Street. 

Manhattanville, a city suburb in the neighborhood of 130th Street. 

Lord Courtenay Mansion, an old building on Manhattanville bluff (south side) 
known for many years as Jones' Shooting Gallery. The Shooting Gallery is re- 
moved and the property is now a part of the Riverside Park. 

Manhattan College. Large brick building at Manhattanville. 

Convent of Sacred Heart. Large building east of Manhattan College. 

Os. Oiiendorfer's Place, between 135th and 137th sts. 

Mr. Oltendorfer 's Pavilion, on the bluff, just built, in the moorish style of archi- 
tecture, one of the notable landmarks on the eastern bank. 

Colored Orphan Asylum, dark colored brick building in the trees, one-half mile 
from the River. The homes of Hamilton and Burr were in this vicinity. 

4 

The Colored Glasses relieve the Eyes from any Glare of Sunlight. 



X 



Carmansville, (where Andubon, the great ornithologist lived), a city suburb at 
152d Street, where you see a red building (sugar refinery). 

River House. Hotel near the River, on the New York side, once calledthe 
Claremont Hotel. 

Tillie Teudelem, on the west side, opposite Carmansville. Hotel, dock, &c. 
Union Home and School, (for orphans of Soldiers and Sailors), red brick build- 
ing with cupola, modern style of architecture, at 150th Street. 

Trinity Cemetery will be seen sloping back from 152d Street Station. Here are 
buried John Jacob Astor, Robert Livingston, Robert Fulton, and many well 
known in our early and later history. 

Audubon Park, north of Trinity Cemetery, named after the great naturalist. 

New York Institute for Deaf and Dumb, a large building of yellow Milwaukie 
brick — will accommodate 450 persons. Incorporated 1817. 

Fori Lee, about a mile above Tillie Teudelem. The site of the old fort is 
marked by a white fence on the bluff. 

Fort Lee Landing. Large and new Pic-nic Houses, near the River. 

Washington Heights, on New York side, between 181st and 185th Streets. 
Almost opposite Fort Lee. 

Chevaux-de-Frize, at Fort "Washington, 1776. 

West End Hotel, a fine building near Fort Washington Station, a short dis- 
tance from the River. 

James Gordon Bennett's Residence will be distinguished among the trees, by 
its gilded dome. Site of Ft. Washington near the residence. 

Stewart Castle, now the property of Mrs. A. T. Stewart, a large stone struc- 
ture, (not seen coming up the River until the steamboat is almost oppo- . 
site). 

Chittenden Place. Building with tower, north of Stewart Castle, 

Innwood. A little station on the Hudson River Railroad, above the heights. 
This place was known as Tubbie Hook. 

Palisade Mountain House, large building on the Palisades. The Palisades 
extend for fifteen miles, from Fort Lee almost to Piermont, a sheer wall of trap 
rock from 300 to 500 feet high. 

Spuyten Duyvel Creek, or Harlem River, meets the Hudson at this point, form- 
ing the northern boundary of New York Island. Origin of name explained in 
Irving's Knickerbocker. 

Seaman Marble Palace will be seen to the southeast while passing Spuyten 
Duyvel. 

5 

The Colored Glasses give a Pleasant Light, and are a Success. 



APPLETON'S GUIDE-BOOKS. 



Applet otis' Sand- Boole of Summer Resorts. 

Revised to the Summer of 1880. Illustrated. Large 12mo. Paper cover, 
50 cents; cloth, 75 cents. 

Appletons' General Guide 

TO THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. An entirely new work. 
Compiled on the plan of the famous Baedeker Hand-Books of Europe. 
With Maps and Illustrations. In three separate forms, viz.: 

IN ONE VOLUME, COMPLETE. 16mo, 500 pages. Eoan, pocket form, Price, $2.50. 
THE NEW ENGLAND AND MIDDLE STATES, AND CANADA, lvol., 264 pages- 

Cloth, price, $1.25. 
THE WESTERN AND SOUTHERN STATES. 1 vol., 234 pages. Cloth, price, $1.25. 

Appletons' Railway Guide. 

Paper cover, 25 cents. Published monthly: revised and corrected to date. 

JVew York Illustrated. 

With 102 Illustrations and a Map of the City. The Illustrations and text 
fully delineating the Elevated Railway system , Post-Office, and other Public 
Buildings, Churches, Street Scenes, Suburbs, etc., etc. 4to. Paper cover, 
price. GO cents. 

The Hudson River Illustrated. 

A Guide for Tourists. With 60 Illustrations. 4to. Paper cover, 50 cents. 
An indispensable work to those who desire to view the beauties of the Hud- 
son. 

Scenery of the Pacific Railways and Colorado 

With Maps, and 71 Illustrations. Paper cover, 75 cents; cloth, $1.25. 

Appletons' Hand-Booh of American Cities. 

Large 12mo. Illustrated. Paper cover, 50 cents; cloth, 75 cents. 

%* Either of the above sent by mail, post-paid, to any address in the United States, 
on receipt of the price. 

D, APPLET0N & 00., Publishers, 

1, 3 & 5 Bond Street, Mew York. 



Riverdale Station. First station on the Hudson Eiver Railroad above Spuyten 
Duyvel. 

Residences of Win. H. Appleton, Win. E. Dodge, Jr., Perry R. Pine, and Rob- 
ert Colgate. 

Convent of Mount St. Vincent, large-trick building. The castle-like structure 
in front was built by Edwin Forrest, the Tragedian, (now owned by the Con- 
vent). 

Joseph S. Winston's Residence, just north of lane running east and west. 
This lane is the boundary line between New York and Yonkers. 
Yonkers, a flourishing city of residences, 17 miles from New York. 
Occidental Grove, and Excelsior Grove — pic-nic grounds, opposite Yonkers, on 
the Jersey bank. 

Alpine Grove Pavilion, just north of Excelsior Grove, built at Stapleton, 
Staten Island, by the late Commodore Garner, and presented by him to the New 
York Yacht Club. It was floated up from Stapleton in May, 1878. 

Glenwood, just north of Yonkers, and a part of the city. The fine residences 
north near the Eiver, are J. B. Colgate's and J. B. Trevor's. 

C. H. LilienthaVs Residence, large building with square tower, half-mile from 
the Eiver. 

John T. Waring 's Stone Mansion, owned by J. J. McComb, the next residence 
with tower north of Lilienthal's. 
J. K. Myer's large residence, next with tower north of Waring's. 
Spring Hill Grove, and Dudley's Grove. Pic-nic resorts, south of Hastings. 
Indian Head, opposite, is the highest point of the Palisades. 

Hastings-on-the-Hudson. Euins and chimneys of sugar factory near the- 
Eiver. 
Dr. Euyler's Clock Tower and Windmill, a short distance above the ruins. 
David Dudley Field's Residence, a stone house above Huyler's. 
Dobb's Ferry, a fine village named after an old Swedish Ferryman. 
Piermont, with its long pier, on the west side, almost opposite. This was 
once the terminus of the Erie Eailroad, and marks the boundary-line between 
New York and New Jersey. 

Cottinet Place, known as ' ' Nuits, " on east bank, built of stone brought from 
France. Easily distinguished by light shade through the trees. Cyrus "vV. 
Field's residence, not seen from the Eiver. 

George L. Schuyler's Residence, just above. A fine old Mansion, one of the 
pleasantest sites on the Hudson. 

6 

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"Nevis," Col. James A. Hamilton's Place, seen through the trees, almost east of 
Mr. Schuyler's. 

Joseph Stiner's Residence is easily distinguished by its large dome. 

David Bow's Residence, an elegant mansion of stone, with the finest lawn on 
the Kiver. 

lrvinglon, the next station above Dobb's Ferry, noted for its beautiful resi- 
dences. 

Cunningham Castle. High pointed tower on hill northeast of Irvington. 

Sunnyside. Washington Irving's beautiful home on the Hudson, just visible 
through the trees close to the Kiver, about a half-mile north of Irvington Sta- 
tion. 

James H. Banker 's Place, northeast of Sunnyside. 

Jay Gould's Residence, known as c ' Lyndehurst " — the most prominent 
landmark of the Hudson. Hot-house with cupola to the noith. 

John T. Terry's Fine Residence, north of Jay Gould's. 

Bierstadt's Residence, north of Cunningham Castle. The residence east of it 
is Halsted's, of the firm of Halsted, Haines & Co. 

Nyack. Opposite Tarrytown. (In the channel the ferryboat connects with 
the Day Line. ) The large building a little south of the village is the Kockland 
Female Seminary. 

Prospect House, formerly Palmer House, large hotel on the hill back from 
Nyack, a magnificent site. 

J. R. Bradley's Cottage. "A Bonnie Brown Cottage that stands on the Hill" 
just north of Prospect House. 

Com. William Voorhis. Large white residence just north of Mr. Bradley's. 

Ramapo Mountains. Above Nyack, on the west side • known by navigators 
as the Hook, or Point-no-Point. They lie in little headlands, 500 or 600 feet 
high, and reach most of the way from Nyack to Haverstraw. (The point is, in 
fact, an illusion ; was once called Verdrietege's Hook ; now sometimes styled 
Kockland Lake Point. ) 

Tarrytown, one of the historic and poetic towns of the Kiver, on east 
shore. 

Sleepy Hollow, just north of Tarrytown. The burial yard monuments can be 
seen through the trees. 

The Old Butch Church can be seen as we approach Kingsland's Point, follow- 
ing with the eye close to the Kiver to the southerly point of Sleepy Hollow 
burial yard. 

7 

Look at the New English Shooting Glass, 



HARPER'S PERIODICALS. 

4. 

HARPER'S MAGAZINE. 

An orchard of choice fruits and a garland of beauteous 
flowers. — N. Y. Sun. 

HARPER'S WEEKLY. 

Harper's Weekly is not excelled by any like publication 
in this or any other country. — Boston Transcript. 

HARPER'S BAZAR. 

Harper's Bazar is a repository of current thought, event, 
and society, on which labor and capital have both expeuded 
their best efforts. — Observer, N. Y. 

HARPERS YOUNG PEOPLE. 

Harper's Youitg People has come to be the leading paper 
for juvenile readers. — Troy Budget. 



HARPER'S PERIODICALS FOR 1880. 

Harper's Magazine, one year $4.00 

Harper's Weekly, one year 4.00 

Harper's Bazar, one year 4.00 

Harper's Youkg People, one year 1.50 

Address HARPER & BROTHERS, 

Franklin Square, New York. 



Kingsland's Point Residences of A. C. Kingsland and sons, beautiful 
wooded point, known as Pocantico. 

Fremont Place, now the property of Geo. L. Kingsland, is not seen from the 
River. 

Mrs. William B. AspinwalVs Residence, an elegant brown mansion with tower 
and flag-staff, one of the prominent landmarks of the Hudson. 

Johnny Bean's and "his own Mary Ann." Near the River, below Mrs. Aspin- 
wall's, and a little to the north, is the place where Johnny Dean met "his own 
Mary Ann." « 

Treason Bill. North of Haverstraw, where Arnold and Andre met, at the 
house of Joshua Hett Smith. 

Sing Sing. On east side, six miles above Tarrytown. The white buildings 
near the River-bank, south of the village, are the State Prison. 

Rockland Lake. Almost opposite on the west bank, between two hills. This 
is the source of the Hackensack River, and the great ice-quarry for New York. 

Croton River, on the east bank, meets the Hudson about one mile above Sing 
Sing, where you see the drawbridge of the Hudson River Railroad. 

Croton Point. Just above Croton River. 

Teller's Point. That part of Croton Point which juts into the Hudson. Here 
is Underhill's grapery, and this point separates Tappan Zee from Haverstraw 
Bay. 

Baverstraw Ray. Passing Teller's Point we pass into Haverstraw Bay. Here 
the River is almost five miles wide ; the mountain on the west side is High 
Torn. 

Baverstraw, on west side, with two miles of brick-yards, reaching almost to 
Grassy Point. 

Stony Point, a mile above Grassy Point, on west side. The Light-house is 
built on the site of the old Fort, and in part, of the same material. 

Verplank's Point on east shore, fall of brick-yards. It was here Baron Steu- 
ben drilled the soldiers of 1776. 

Tompkins Cove. Prominent Residences indicated on the Map. 

Seylmakers' Reach, one of the old reaches of the Hudson. A person looking 
north from this point sees no break in the mountains to mark the course of the 
River. 

Peekskill, on the east bank, -pleasantly located. 

Kidd's Point. Now called Caldwell's Landing, on west side. The steamer 
turns this point almost at right angles, and enters the Highlands. 



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Dunderberg, or Dunderbarrack, a mountain on west bank, about 1,000 fee 
high. Manilo Mountain on the east. 

lona Island. Grapery, and fine pic-nic grounds. 

The Bace. The river channel is so termed by navigators, between lona Island 
and the east bank. 

Anthony's Nose. Prominent feature of the River, 1,500 feet high. The rail- 
road tunnel is near the River. In front of tunnel a hole in the rock. Here 
was fastened one end of the chain that was thrown across the channel to ob- 
struct British ships during the Eevolution. 

Montgomery Creek, on west side, empties into the Hudson about opposite the 
point of Anthony's Nose. 

Fort Clinton was on the south side of this Creek, and Fort Montgomery on the 
north side. 

Highland Lake, about one mile in circumference, on the south side of Mont- 
gomery Creek. The site is marked by an ice-house. 

Sugar-Loaf. Turning Anthony's Nose we get a good view of Sugar-Loaf 
Mountain to the noith. Cone-shaped, like Ailsa Crag, between Belfast and 
Glasgow. 

Beverly Dock, on east bank, where Arnold fled to the "Vulture. '' A little boat- 
house now marks the point. 

Hamilton Fish has a residence on the bluff under Sugar-Loaf. A brick house, 
with flat roof. 

Besidences, John Bigelow, J. Pierpont Morgan , Alfred Pell, Col. Ar den, the 
Phillipse Manor House, H. W. Belcher, &c, can be seen from the steamer. 

"Benny Havens, Oh ! " As the steamer approaches Cozzen's Landing we see 
a small two-story house , with verandah. Here still lives Benny Havens, the 
original of the West Point and College songs. 

Parry House, now used as an academy, near the River. Picturesque ruins 
of an old mill in front. 

Buttermilk Falls. A cascade above the ruin. 

Cozzen's Hotel. On a rock two hundred feet above the River. Highland Falls 
Village lies behind the bluff. (Not seen from the River. ) 

Cozzen's Landing. A romantic road cut through the rock leads from the land- 
ing to the hotel. 

West Point Landing. A short mile above Cozzen's Landing. Academy, 
Government Buildings, Parade Grounds, &c. , on the finest elevation on the 
Hudson. The building with dome is the Library. 

9 



See the Hudson Highlands through the Blue or Amber Glass. 



UNITED STATES HOTEL. 




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NEWBURGH, New York. 



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Guests. Situated near the Steamboat Landing. In full view of 

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The excursionist, in taking dinner at this Hotel, will have opportunity to 
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Garrison. Opposite West Point, on east bank. 

The Highland House. On east side, about half a mile from the Biver, on a 
magnificent plateau, inclosed by the North and South Redoubt Mountains, In- 
dian Falls in the vicinity. 

Kosciusco's Mounmeni. Seen on the west side, above West Point Landing. 

Fort Putnam, 596 feet high, overlooks the River, on the west side. A gray 
and veteran ruin of '76. 

West Point Lighthouse. The Hudson here turns a right angle. West Point 
Hotel has a fine look off to the north. West Point Village around the Point. 

Constitution Island, opposite the Point. Here are also seen ruins of '76. Near 
the River, home of Miss Warner, author of "Queechy" and "The Wide, Wide 
World," — a neat white cottage, surrounded by trees , above the boat-house. A 
chain was also thrown across from this Island to West Point. 

The Two Brothers. Twin rocks above Constitution Island, covered in high 
water. 

Old Cro'-Nest Mountain. On west side, above the Point, 1,418 feet high. 
Scene of Rodman Drake's " Culprit Fay.'' 

Kidd's Plug Cliff. The precipice fronting the River, toward the northern 
peak of Cro'-Nest. 

Cold Spring. On east bank, opposite Old Cro'-Nest. 

Under cliff. A short distance north of Cold Spring, once the home of Ceo. P. 
Morris, on an elevated plateau above the River. 

Mount Taurus, or Bull Hill, above Undercliff. 

Little Stony Point. Under Mount Taurus. Named from resemblance to 
Stony Point, south of the Highlands. 

Break Neck. Above Mount Taurus, on the east side. Here was once the 
Turk's Face, now blasted away. It is said a man did it in spite, and was soon 
after ' ' blown up " himself. 

Storm King. On west bank, above Old Cro'-Nest. It was once known as 
Butter Hill, and years ago as Klinkersberg. Its present name was given by 
Willis. This is the highest point of the Highlands — over 1,600 feet. 

Beacon Hill is now seen on the east bank, after passing Break Neck — about 
1,471 feet high. 

Fishkill Mountains trend off to the northeast, across the southern part of 
Duchess County. 

Cornwall, with its pleasant Summer Homes, on west side above Storm King. 

Philip B. Verplank's Place, just above Plum Point, or the Point above Corn- 

10 

Take a Look at and Through the Colored Glasses. 



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THE AMERICAN REPRINT 



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Edited by THOMAS SPENOEE BAYNES, LL.D., eto. 



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727 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 

No. 54 WORTH STREET, NEW YORK. 

No. 18 J E. ADAMS STREET, CHICAGO, IUL. 



wall Landing. Here are earth works (still well preserved) for defence of a 
cheveux de frize which extended from Pollopers Island across toward the earth 
works. It was composed of a crib of timber from which extended three spans 
armed with iron points. The cribs were filled with stones and sunk. 

Site of Washington's Head- Quarters, 1779 and 1780, just above Miss M.Mil- 
ler's residence, or the second above Philip B. Verplank's. 
. Post Hill. The hill west of Miss Miller's has been known for many years as 
Post Hill. 

PollopeVs Island at upper portal of the Highlands, near the east bank. 
Worrygid, the river channel between Cro'-Nest and Break Neck, just south of 
Pollopel's Island. 

Cornwall and West Point Road, aptly styled the Corniche Road of America, 
passes over the mountains to West Point, admirably suited for coaching, horse- 
back riding, or pedestrian tours. 

Lake System of the Highlands, now hardly known to the general traveler, is 
soon to be the trip of the Hudson tourist, or the seeker after health and pleas- 
ure. Over forty lakes are clustered within a radius of ten miles. 

Idleivild, made famous by the pen of N . P. Willis, will be seen one mile above 
Cornwall Landing, partly hidden in the trees and bordered on the north by a 
ravine. 

New Windsor, on west side, about 4 miles north of Cornwall, once the rival 
of Newburgh ; now a brick-yard. 

Newburgh Bay. The River here widens into one of the finest bays on the 
Hudson. 

Washington's Head- Quarters. As the boat approaches the city, we see the- 
Head Quarters of Washington; a flag-staff marks the point. The old building 
is also seen with tall chimneys and steep roof almost sloping to the founda- 
tions. 

Newburgh City. Rising in natural terraces. 

Fishkill Landing. On east side opposite Newburgh. 

Low Point, or Carthage. On east side above Fishkill. 

Devils Dans Kammer, where Hendrick Hudson one evening witnessed the 
first Pow Wow, (now covered with cedars). The fine residences of Mr. River 
and Mr. Hall are on the east bank, above Low Point. 

New Hamburgh, above Low Point, on the east side at the mouth of Wap- 
pinger's Creek. 

Hampton Point, opposite New Hamburgh. Here are the finest white cedars 
on the River. 

II 

The Colored Glass is Good for River, Mountain and Seaside Scenery. 



KENMOEE. 




This HOTEL is located on North Pearl Street, convenient to 
Post Office, Capitol and Depots. 

jg^* With Elevator, and all modern appliances for Elegance 
and Comfort. 

J8@- Hot and Cold Water, Steam Heaters, and Telephone, 
connecting with office, in each room. 

This Hotel, both as to Building and Furnishing, is entirely 
new, and will be conducted as a first-class house in every respect. 



ADAM BLAKE, Proprietor, 

Albany, JV, I 7 . 



Irving GrinneWs Residence, " Neiherwood," just distinguished through the 
trees near the River bank — one of the finest residences and grounds on the 
Hudson. 

" The Cedars.'" Residence and grounds of Dr. James Lennox Banks, with 
high tower, seen for many miles north and south. 

The Van Ressenlaer , or Clinton Place, just north. The house was burned 
several years ago , and never re-built. 

Barnegat, * ' the finished city. " 

' ' Mkhorn, " residence of Prof. Richard H. Bull, on a hill east of Barnegat. 
Large building with tower. 

Shawangunk Mountains, on the west side, reach away in the distance toward 
the Catskills. 

Milton. The raspberry and strawberry town, on west side above Marlbor- 
ough. 

Belie of '76, an old gable house south of Milton, close to the River bank, now 
owned by Mrs. Benjamin Townsend. It is said that the British, on their way 
to Kingston, paid it the respect of sending a cannon shot through the roof. 

Pine Hill. Residence of the Misses Johnson. The old Pine Tree, now partly 
broken, a landmark for many years well known by the River pilots. 

Locust Grove. Home of the late S. F. B. Morse, with square central tower, 
and open outlook on the River. 

Souihwood, second residence above Locust Grove, home of William M. Good- 
rich. The hill to the northwest, styled Enmegobah, an Indian word, signify- 
ing ' ' fine presence. " 

Poughkeepsie Cemetery, on east side ; old Livingston Place directly above on a 
wooded point; near by a large rolling mill. 

PoughTceepsie , 74 miles from New York. Queen City of the Hudson. Situated 
for the most part on a plateau about 200 feet above the River. 

Biverview Military Academy. Large brick building on a fine eminence. 

Buckeye Mower Manufactory, Adriance, Piatt & Co., proprietors. Fine build- 
ing, near the River bank. 

Kaal Bock, near Poughkeepsie Landing. Its name signifies Barren Rock. 

Vassar Brewery. Long white buildings ab®ve the landing. 

New Paltz Landing, opposite Poughkeepsie. The west banks here are also 
fine and picturesque. 

Poughkeepsie Bridge, when completed, will be one. of the most prominent 
features of the River. 

12 

The Colored Glass relieves one of the Headache j also, of 50 or 75 cents, 



CHARLES MILLER, 



(Successor to B. W. THORIE,) 



New 



York, 



MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 



CABINET AND STEREOSCOPIC VIEWS OF 
SCENERY, WORKS OF ART, 



AND 



CELEBRITIES. 

A large assortment of Stereoscopic and Cabinet Views 
of HUDSON RIVER, NEW YORK, CENTRAL PARK, 
GREENWOOD, NIAGARA, CONEY ISLAND, etc., etc. 

ALSO, 

8x10 Views of New York City 
and Vicinity, 



Mounted or Tin- mounted. 



Bosehill, Besidence of S. M. Buckingham, with, tower, just visible through the 
trees. This was the old Vassar Homestead. 

The Lawn, also the property of S. M. Buckingham, adjoining Bosehill on the 
south. 

Br. Edward L. Beadle's Besidence with a fine outlook on the Hudson. 

John T. Hume's Besidence, north of Dr. Beadle's, (tower and four windows 
in French roof. ) The one nearer the Biver, with tower, is the property of 
Henry Myers. 

College Hill Besidence, in Parthenon style of architecture, formerly a school. 

John F. Winslow's Besidence, one of the finest on the Biver. Seen through 
the trees on the east side. Fine grounds and hot-house. 

Thomas Newbold's Flace, a prominent house near the Biver, above Mr. Wins- 
low's. 

Foughkeepsie Water Works. The water is forced from the Beservoirs near 
the Biver to a large Beservoir on Academy Hill, or as it is sometimes called, 
College Hill. 

Hudson Biver State Hospital. Large building of red brick, on the Hyde Park 
Road, north of Mr. Winslow's. The Hyde Park Boad, a section of the old 
post-road between New York and Hyde Park, is noted as the finest drive on the 
continent. 

William C. Smillie's Besidence. A cozy cottage with a square tower, seen 
through a glade or opening of the forest trees on the east bank. 

J. Bosevelt's Besidence, above Mr. Wm. C. Smiliie's Place. 

E. Butler's Flace, above Mr. Bosevelt ; also an important country seat. 

John B. Garland's Besidence, a short distance south of Hyde Park, on a com- 
manding site. The course of the Biver seen from verandah many miles to the 
south. 

George T. Hoffman's Besidence, north of the estate of the late Daniel S. Miller. 

The Pines. The property of J. A. Stoutenburgh, not seen from the Biver. 

Hyde Fark, on east side, six miles north of Poughkeepsie. Connected with 
Poughkeepsie by a succession of villas; the finest drive in the country. 

Walter Langdon's Besidence, Mrs. Kirkpatrick's and N. P. Rogers, are north 
of Hyde Park, on the east side. Mr. Langdon's place is known as "Hyde 
Park." Mrs. Kirkpatrick's as "Drayton House." Mr. Bogers' as "Placentia." 

Manresa Institute t large building above Crum Elbow on west side. 

Byke Estate, above Manresa Institute, square house with square tower, yel- 
lowish shade. 

A. B. Frothingham. Grecian Portico with columns. 
13 

Colored Glasses good for River, Mountain and Sea-Side Scenery. 




DRS. STRONG'S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, 

SARATOGA SI»PtI^G©, N. "ST. 

Popular Summer Resort. Also, Open all the Year. 

TERMS REDUCED. 

It is beautifully located in close proximity to the principal Springs, Hotels, and Park, 
with ample grounds, elegant and complete in all appointments. It is the resort of leading 
men in Church and State, for rest and recreation, as well as treatment. Among its patrons 
are Dr. T. L. Cuyler; Ex-Gov's Wells and Boardman; Bishops Simpson, Robinson, 
Harris, Haven, Foss, Foster, &c. ; College Presidents Chadburne, Tuttle, Payne, Park, &c. : 
Medical Professors Armor, Ross and Knapp, and others equally well known. The parlor is 
furnished with an organ and Stein way Parlor-Grand Piano for the benefit of guests. The 
house is free from the objectionable feature of invalidism, and abounds in means of amuse- 
ment. The boarding department is of the highest order. 

Patients from the South and warmer climates, who have spent the winter here, give 
decided preference to this climate. There is scarcely any disease but may be benefitted, 
more or less, by some one of the Cathartic, Diuretic, Alterative, Alkaline, or Tonic Spring 
"Waters, which are equally efficient in winter as in summer. 

The proprietors are graduates of the Medical Department of N. T. University. The 
Institute is furnished with every comfort ami appliance for the treatment of Nervous, Lung, 
Female and Chronic Diseases. Among the agents employed are TURKISH, RUSSIAN, 
ROMAN, SULPHUR AND ELECTRO-THERMAL BATHS, OXYGEN AND MEDI- 
CATED INHALATIONS, COMPRESSED AND RARIFIED AIR, GALVANIC AND 
FA RADIO ELECTRICITY, CALISTHENICS, &c, &c. SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 



John Burroughs brown stone Cottage. 

Alexander Holland's Residence, formerly residence of John Jacob Astor, En- 
glish style of architecture. The name of the place " Waldorf/' will be seen in 
large letters on the lawn. 

Pelham, R. L. Pell's Residence. Roman villa style with white columns, will 
be seen south of Pell's dock. 

Staatsburgh, above Hyde Park on east side. 

Overlook Mountain House can be seen from this point to the northwest, on the 
highest southern peak of the Catskills, fifteen to twenty miles distant. 

Catskill Mountain House can also be seen from this point, perhaps 30 miles 
distant, fifteen miles north of the Overlook. 

William B. Dinsmore's Residence, the most prominent of the upper Hudson, 
at Dinsmore's Point above Staatsburgh. The first house south of Mr. Dins- 
more's on the east bank is Matthew Livingston's; the second Mrs, Hoyt's, house 
with French roof; the next, one-eighth of a mile south, the house of J. Law- 
rence Lee. 

Windcliffe, Residence of Edward Renshaw Jones, across the cove from Dins- 
more's, a large stone villa with central tower. 

Ellersie, Estate of William Kelly, above Ellersie Dock. 

Rhineclijf, or Rhinebeck Landing, on the east side. 

The Village of Rhinebeck, two miles east of Landing. 

Fairview, Residence of Capt. A. L. Anderson, (Steamer Mary Powell), is seen 
from the Rhinebeck Dock, (Rhinecliff), looking south, about \\ miles south of 
Port Ewen. 

City of Kingston, embraces Kingston andRondout, (terminus ef the Delaware 
and Hudson Canal). 

Old Beekman Place. As the steamer leaves Rhinebeck Landing, the old Beek- 
man Place can be seen in the trees, a short distance above the Landing, one of 
the old Revolutionary houses. 

Ferncliff, Residence of William Astor. Fine brown villa with pointed tower. 

Garretson Place, north of Ferncliff, on east bank. This place long known as 
Clifton Point, is now the property of Louis Ehler's. 

1 ' Zeacoie" Douglas Merritfs Residence, north of Clifton Point. 

Ruins Brought from South America seen on the south point of Cruger's Island. 

The First Steamboat, The " Claremont," was built by Robert Fulton in the 
Cove, known as North Bay, just north of Cruger's Island. 

' ' Anandale, " name of John Bard's Place, and east of this is St. Stephen's 
College, a training school for the ministery. 

14 

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Catskill Mountains 



J. LOEFFLEKS 



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HI EM 



IN THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. 



Every place of interest in these romantic regions is 
faithfully represented. The lowering mountains, the 
shady glens, the majestic waterfalls, which form the 
characteristic features of this beautiful mountain range 
are so truly portrayed, that one only needs to glance 
through the stereoscope to feel himself once more trans- 
ported to those scenes which in nature have afforded 
him such delight. 

For Sale AT THE BOOK-STANDS OF TEE 

Albany Day-boats and. at tlie principal Hotels 

in the Oatskills. 



Flatbush, known among the boatmen as Whiskey Point, on the west bank. 

F. II. Delano's Residence. Brown house with square tower. 

Rokeby, Residence of late William B. Astor, above Astor's Point. 

Barrytown, on east side. 

Aspinwall Place, north of Barrytown, formerly John R. Livingston's place. 

Montgomery Place. Brown house among the trees. 

Cruger's Residence, on Cruger's Island, — once called Lower Red Hook Island 
(Bed Hook, named after a Mr. Read, who lived directly east of the north end 
of the Island, place now owned by Johnston Livingston). 

Tivoli, on east side, 100 miles from New York. 

Glasgo. A little south of Tivoli, on west side. 

Chateau of Tivoli, Residence of Col. Johnson L. de Peyster. French roof house 
on Terrace, south of Tivoli Station. 

Rose Hill, Residence of Gen. J. Watts de Peyster, well known under nom de 
plume of "Anchor." Residence is seen among the trees north of Tivoli Sta- 
tion. This house is built on what is known as the Lower Livingston manor, 
but in reality was the Hoffman Patent. 

Saugert ies, on west side. A long dock, 3, 600 feet long, shows the enterprise 
of this lively village, 

. Idele, property of Miss Clarkson, better known as the old Chancellor Place. 
The steamer now keeps to the west of the Flats ; the channel on the cast is 
known as the Livingston Channel. 

Maiden. Above Saugerties. on west side. Dock covered with blue stone. 

Clermont. Above Tivoli, on east side. The original Livingston manor. 

West Camp. On west side, above Maiden. 

Four County Island. Near west bank ; the " meeting point" of Duchess, Co- 
lumbia, Greene, and Ulster. 

Germantown. On east side. 105 miles from New York. 

Man in the Mountain. From this point we get a fine view of the reclining 
giant. You can trace it by the following outline : — the peak to the south is 
the knee; the next to the north the breast ; and two or three above this, the chin, 
the nose, and the forehead. 

Roelijfe Jansen's Kill, empties into the Hudson above what is known by the 
pilots as Nine Mile Tree. 

Herman Livingston's Residence, on point above, looking down the River. 

C. C. AbeeVs Residence. Square brick house, with tower, on a commanding 
site south of Catskill Creek. 

15 

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OCEAN HOUSE, 

lmtpot[t, Jf. # 



JOHN G. WEAVER & SONS, 



PROPRIETORS, 



Opens June 24, 1880. 



Thirty - Fifbli Season. 



Within One Hundred Feet of the 
New Casino. 



Catskill. On west side, just above Oatskill Creek. 

Pospect Park Hotel One of the finest landmarks of the Hudson, north of 
Oatskill Landing. The residence of John Breasted, proprietor, is to the north. 

Oliver Bourke's Residence, is seen west of the Prospect Park Hotel, and near 
by the pleasant cottage of Walton Van Loan, Publisher of the Oatskill Guide . 

Cole's Grove, north of Catskill, a little back from the Eiver, was the residence 
of Thomas Cole, Artist. 

Frederick F. Church's Residence, on the east bank, opposite Catskill. 

B. Howland"s Residence, about three-fourths of a mile north of Catskill, on 
the west side. 

Col. 0. D. Ashley's Residence, on the northern slope of Mount Merino, on east 
bank. 

W. 0. Morrison's Residence, on west bank, white house on the hill. 

Gantley's Residence, a square brick house, one mile north, on west side, south 
of Athens. 

Hudson, East Side, Promenade Hill, just above the Landing. 

A. Frank B. Chace's Residence, with pointed turret, near Church spire ; one 
of the finest in Hudson in point of architecture. 

Athens. Opposite. Hudson Eiver Depot for freight, large building near the 
Eiver. 

Residences of S. Du Bois and J. Bu Bois will be seen above Hudson, on the 
east bank. 

John Clough's large white house, above Athens, on the west side. 

James Sanders — square house with Mansard roof. 

Stockport. On east side, four miles north of Hudson, near the mouth of Co- 
lumbiaville Creek. This creek is formed by the union of the Kinderhook and 
Claverack Creeks. 

Four-mile- Point. On west side, about 125 feet high; four miles from Hudson 
and four from Coxsackie. Narrow channel for 2 miles close to the west shore. 
Average about 350 feet wide. At upper end of narrow channel Grape vine 
dock and a Grapery of 100 acres. 

Coxsackie. On west side, 8 miles from Hudson, 

Newton Hook; opposite Coxsackie; the wooded point is called Prospect 
Grove. 

Stuyvesant. On the east side. Once called Kinderhook Landing. 

Schodack Island. On east side, about two miles above Stuyvesant. The 
island is about 3 miles long, covered mostly with broom corn. 

16 

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New 1 Baltimore. About opposite the centre of Schodack Island; fifteen miles 
from Hudson and fifteen from Albany. The government dykes begin opposite 
New Baltimore. 

Residence of James M. Smith. Terraced grounds. Lawn extending to the 
River. Ornamentive boat house and private dock. 

' Barren Island. Site of the famous ' ' Castle of Rensselaerstien, " (vid. Irv- 
ing's Knickerbocker). Four counties also meet here, — Columbia, Rensselaer, 
Greene, and Albany. Island one-half mile long, one-half mile wide. 

Coeymans. Right above Barren Island; connected with a dyke. Above 
Coeymans is what is known as the Coeyman's Cross Over. 

Shad Island. The first island to the westward above Coeymans ; 3 miles long; 
old Indian fishing ground. 

Nine-mile- Tree. On east bank. Castlelon. One mile above Tree, on east 
side. Campbell's Island. On lower end a Light House. 

Cedar Hill Dock. Opposite this Light House. 

Staats Island. Above Campbell's Island. This was settled by the Staats 
family before the arrival of the Van Rensselaers', and never belonged to the 
Patroon. The house is about 200 years old ; at least a part of it, and mostly 
built of stone. 

The Overslaugh reaches from Van Wies' Point; (the first point above Cedar 
Hill), about two miles up the River. 

Albany is now near at hand, and we see to the south the Convent of the 
Sacred Heart ; to the north the Cathedral, the Capitol, the State House, the 
City Hall, &c. 

Greenbush opposite. Connected with Albany by ferries and two fine, substan- 
tial bridges. 

Troy, on east bank, six miles from Albany. West Troy, opposite. 

The Trojan Horse. Between Albany and Troy the traveler will see a very 
fine representation of a horse formed by trees, about two miles southeast of 
Troy. 

Captain David Hitchcock's Line of Steamers present the pleasantest way of 
going between these cities, andm ake a pleasant short excursion for the vis- 
itor. 

Thus, in brief, we have traced the River, as it were, step by step, from New 
York to the head of tide-water ; and we have endeavored to make these pages a 
practical Guide-Board to the various points of historic and legendary interest 
which literally fill our River Valley. 

17 
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Montreal Office, 114 St. Francois Xavier St. .Agents everywhere. 



THE HUDSON. 



The Hudson has been called the Shate-muck, the Mohegan, the Man- 
hattan, the Noordt Montaigne, the Mauritius, the North River, and the 
River of the Mountains. It was called the Hudson River, not by the 
Dutch as generally stated, but by the English, as Henry Hudson was an 
Englishman, although he sailed from a Dutch port, with a Dutch crew, 
and a Dutch vessel. The river was called the Mauritius in a letter to 




OLOFPE VAN KORTLANDT'S CKEAM. 

the "High and mighty Lords" of Holland, written November 5, 1626. 
It was called the North River to distinguish it from the Delaware, called 
the South River. The Spaniards called it the River of the Mountains. 
It was discovered in the year 1609. The town of Communipaw was 
founded soon after, and according to Knickerbocker, — whose quiet humor 
is always read and re-read with pleasure, — might justly be considered 
the mother colony of our glorious city : for lo ! the sage Oloffe Van 

18 



Kortlandt dreamed a dream, and the good Sfc. Nicholas came riding 
over the tops of the trees, and descended upon the island of Manhattan 
and sat himself down and smoked, "and the smoke ascended into the 
sky* and formed a cloud overhead ; and Oloffe bethought him, and he 
hastened and cHmbed up to the top of one of the tallest trees, and saw 
that the smoke spread over a great extent of country; and, as he con- 
sidered it more attentively, he fancied that the great volume assumed 
a variety of marvelous forms, where, in dim obscurity, he saw shadowed 
out palaces and domes and lofty spires, all of which lasted but a mo- 
ment, and then passed away." So New York, like Alba Longa and 
Rome, and other cities of antiquity, was under the immediate care of 
its tutelar saint. Its destiny was foreshadowed, for now the palaces 
and domes and lofty spires are real and genuine, and something more 
than dreams are made of. 

New York, by virtue of its admirable position, soon became the 
headquarters of the fur trade. The merchants of North Holland or- 
ganized a company, and obtained from the States General, in 1614, a 
charter to trade in the New Netherlands ; and, soon after, a colony 
built a few houses and a fort near the Battery. The entire island was 
purchased from the Indians, 1624, for the sum of sixty guilders, or 
about twenty-four dollars. A fort was also built at Albany in 1623, and 
known as Fort Aurania, or Fort Orange. New York was called for 
years New Amsterdam ; but in the year 1664, when these forts were 
surrendered to the English, the two settlements took the names of New 
York and Albany, in honor of the Duke of York and Albany. In June, 
1636, the first land was bought on Long Island ; and in 1667 the Ferry 
Town, opposite New York, was known by the name Breuckelen, sig- 
nifying broken land, but the name was not generally accepted until 
after the Revolution. Bergen was the oldest settlement in Nev/ Jersey. 
It was founded in 1616 by the Dutch colonists to the New Netherlands, 
and received its name from Bergen, in Norway. Paulus Hook, or 
Jersey City, in 1638 was the farm of William Kieft, Director-General of 
the Dutch West India Company. 

So much for the early history of New York and the surrounding 

19 



cities, which, have sprung up as it were in a day; for, as late as 1800 the 
city of Brooklyn had only 2,000 inhabitants, and, in 1820, Jersey City 
only 300. 

Hendeich Hudson and the Half Moon. — The first voyagers up the 
Hudson were, as before stated, Hendrich Hudson and his crew of the 
" Half Moon. " He anchored off Sandy Hook September 3d, 1609, and 
remained off the Hook a little more than a week. He then passed 
through the Narrows, and anchored in what is now called Newark Bay; 
on the 12th resumed his voyage, and, drifting with the tide, anchored 
over night on the 13th just above Yonkers ; on the 14th passed Tappan 
and Haverstraw Bays, entered the Highlands, and anchored for the 
night near West Point. On the morning of the 15th entered Newburgh 
Bay, and reached Catskill on the 16th, Athens on the 17th, and Castle- 
ton and Albany on the 18th, and then sent out an exploring boat as far 
as Waterford. His return voyage began on the 23d. He anchored 
again in Newburgh Bay the 25th, and reached Stony Point October 1st ; 
reached Sandy Hook the 4th, and then returned to Europe. The 
"Half Moon " was becalmed off Sandy Hook, and the people of the 
mountains came to see them. "We might also add, in this place, that it 
is claimed by some that Hendrich Hudson was the first to call the river 
" The Biver of the Mountains, " a name which the Spaniards and French 
afterward adopted. The Iroquois called it the Co-hat-a-tea. The. 
Mohegans and Lenapes called it the Mohegan, or Mah-i-can-i-tuk — "the 
continually flowing waters, " — probably from the tide, which rises and 
falls from New York to Troy. The name Mauritius was given in honor 
of Prince Maurice, of Nassau, in the year 1611. 

The Old Beaches. — The Hudson was divided at one time by the old 
navigators, long before the days of "propelling steam," into fourteen 
Beaches — one of which names is still used in the poetic name of Claver- 
ack, the Clover-Reach. We will give some of these as a matter of his- 
toric interest: — 

The Great Chip -Rock Beach — the Palisades — were known by the 
old Dutch settlers as the "Great Chip," and so styled in the 
Bergen Deed of Purchase, viz. , the great chip above Weehawken. 

20 



The Tappan Beach, on the east side of which dwelt the Manhattans, 
on the west side the Saulrickans and the Tappans. The third reach 
extends upward to a narrow point called Haverstroo ; then comes the 
Seylmaker's reach, and then Crescent reach ; next Hoge's reach, and then 
Yorsen reach, which extends to Klinkersberg, or Storm King, the 
northern portal of the Highlands. This is succeeded by Fisher's reach, 
where, on the east side, once dwelt a race of savages called Pachami. 
" This reach," in the language of De Laet, " extends to another narrow 
pass, where, on the west, is a point of land which juts out, covered with 
sand, opposite a bend in the river, on which another nation of savages 
— the Waoranecks — have their abode at a place called Esopus. Next, 
another reach, called Claverack; then Backer ack ; next the Playsier 
reach, and Vaste reach, as far as Hinnenhock ; then the Hunters' reach, 
as far as Kinderhook ; and Fisher's Hook, near Shad Island, over which, 
on the east side, dwell the Mohegans. " These old reaches and names 
have long passed away from the use or memory of even the river pilots, 
and may, perhaps, possess interest only to the antiquarian. But 
there are 

FIVE DIVISIONS, OE REACHES, OF THE HUDSON, 

which we imagine will have interest for all, as they present in brief an 
analysis easy to be remembered — divisions marked by something more 
substantial than sentiment or fancy, expressing five distinct charac- 
teristics — 

GEANDEUE, EEPOSE, SUBLIMITY, THE PICTURESQUE, BEAUTY. 

1. The Palisades, an unbroken wall of rock for fifteen miles — 
Geandeuk. 

2. The Tappan Zee, surrounded by the sloping hills of Nyack, Tarry- 
town, and Sleepy Hollow — Repose. 

3. The Highlands, where the Hudson for twenty miles plays "hide 
and seek" with "hills rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun," — Sub- 
limity. 

4. The Hillsides for miles above and below Poughkeepsie — The 

PlCTUEESQUE. 

5. The Catsexdls, on the west, throned in queenly dignity — Beauty. 



THE PALISADES— GRANDEUR. 

" And as you nearer draw, each wooded height 
Puts off the azure hues by distance given, 
And slowly break upon the enamored sight 
Eavine, crag, field, and wood, in colors true and bright." 

We know of no other river in the world which presents so great a 
variety of views as the Hudson. Throughout its whole extent, from 
the " Wilderness to the Sea," from the Adirondacks to Staten Island, 
there is a combination of the finest pictures; and each division which 
we have indicated seems to illustrate some of the best scenery of the 
old world. With only a slight stretch of fancy, we imagine the tourist 
may find Loch Katrine "nestled " among the mountains of our own 
Highlands; will see in the Catskills the Sunset Mountains of Arran; and 
in the Palisades the Giant's Causeway of Ireland. 

In reference to this idea of picture combination, we can appropri- 
ately cite the words of George William Curtis, who pronounces the 
Hudson grander than the Rhine. He says, "The Danube has in part 
glimpses of such grandeur. The Elbe has sometimes such delicately 
pencilled effects. But no European river is so lordly in its bearing, 
none flows in such state to the sea." Thackeray, also, in his " Virgin- 
ians," has given to the Hudson the verdict of beauty; and we imagine 
this is the unprejudiced opinion of tourists and travelers. 

The Palisades, or Great Chip Rock, as they were known by the old 
Dutch settlers, present the same bold front to the river that the Giants' 
Causeway does to the ocean. We should judge these rocks to be of 
about the same height and the same extent. The Palisades are from 
two hundred and fifty to six hundred feet high, and extend about fifteen 
miles, from Eort Lee to the hills of Rockland County. As the basaltic 
trap-rock is one of the oldest geological formations, we might still ap- 
propriately style the Palisades "a chip of the old block." They sepa- 
rate the valley of the Hudson from the valley of the Hackensack. The 
Hackensack rises in Rockland Lake, within two or three hundred yards 
of the Hudson, and the rivers flow thirty miles side by side, but are 
effectually separated from each other by a wall more substantial than 
even the 2,000 mile structure of the "Heathen Chinee." 

Weehawb*en, one of the sad historic spots of the Hudson, was much 

22 



frequented years ago; but the place is hardly ever visited in these latter 
days. In fact, everything is changed. The narrow ledge of rock where 
Hamilton fell in a duel with Aaron Burr on the morning of July 11, 1804, 
has made way for the "West Side Railroad; and we are not sorry that the 
last vestige connected with a "false code of honor" has been removed. 




DUELLING GEOUND, WEEHAWKEN. 
(From Lossing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.") 

The St. Andrew's Society, a short time after the duel, erected a monu- 
ment on the spot to the memory of the great statesman, but that too 
was gradually destroyed by visitors, and taken away in pieces, souvenirs 
of a sad tragedy. 



JI!i,!i!l!!![l!i!!IB!^i 



w'Jm 




Sputten Duyvel Cbeek. — This is the first point of special legendary 
interest, and takes its name from a highly chivalric and poetic incident. 
It seems that the famous Antony Van Corlear was despatched one even- 
ing with an important message up the Hudson. When he arrived at 
this creek, the wind was high, the elements were in an uproar, and no 
boatman at hand. "For a short time," it is said, "he vapored like an 
impatient ghost upon the brink, and then, bethinking himself of the 
urgency of his errand, took a hearty embrace of his stone bottle, swore 
most valorously that he would swim across en spijt en Duyvel (in spite 
of the Devil) and daringly plunged into the stream. Luckless Antony! 
Scarce had he buffeted half way over when he was observed to struggle 
violently, as if battling with the spirit of the waters. Instinctively he 
put his trumpet to his mouth, and giving a vehement blast — sank for- 
ever to the bottom." 

Passing the Convent and Academy of Mount St. Vincent, a fine 
structure on the east bank of the river, we come to 

Yonkees, where Hendrich Hudson anchored one September evening, 
1609. In the quaint language of those days, he "found a loving people, 
who attained great age." It is also generally believed that this was the 
place where Hendrich Hudson and his mate, Robert Juet, made that 
sage experiment, gravely recorded in the narrative of the discovery. 
"Our master and his mate determined to try some of the chief men of 
the country, whether they had any treachery in them; so they took 
them down into the cabin, and gave them so much wine and aqua vitas 
that they were all very merrie> In the end one of them was drunk, and 
that was strange to them, for they could not tell how to take it." One 
thing is certain, they learned how, as soon as they had opportunity — 
the only branch of civilization for which they appear to have had a 
natural taste. It is moreover said that the effect of this imported jug- 
glery was decidedly strange, and soon after Hendrich's departure it 
came to be believed by the red men, who had seen the zigzag effect of 
fire-water on their brethren, that the Hudson must, at some period of 
the world's history, have become inebriated, to have made such a wind- 
ing channel to the sea, and they instituted a search for the fire-water 

25 



fountain. Of course they were unable to find the mysterious fountain; 
but the real legend is one of the oldest and therefore most reliable of 
our river traditions. This is the mouth of the Neperan, or Sawmill 
River, and here, in an obscure nook of the Hudson, west of the creek, 
is a large rock, which was called Meech-keek-assin, or Amackasin, the 
great stone to which the Indians paid reverence as an evidence of the 
permanency and immutability of their deity. 

It is generally said that Yonkers derived its name from Yonk-herr — 
the young heir, or young sir, of the Phillipsie manor. The English 
and Scotch word, however, as used by Shakespeare and Burns (viz., 
yonlcer and younkers) makes a voyage to a foreign language quite un- 
necessary. 

The old manor house, near the river and above the landing, was 
purchased a short time ago by the village of Yonkers, and converted 
for the most part into offices for transacting town affairs. The older 
portion of the house was built in 1682; the present front in 1745. The 
woodwork is very interesting, and the ceilings, the large hall, and wide 
fireplace. In the room pointed out as Washington's room, the fireplace 
still retains the old tiles, "illustrating familiar passages in Bible his- 
tory," fifty on each side, looking as clear as if they were made but 
yesterday. The town is growing very rapidly, and is almost a part of 
the great metropolis. 

Hastings, four miles north of Yonkers and twenty-one from New 
York, is almost opposite the highest point of the Palisades, viz., "Indian 
Head." Here, it is said, Garibaldi used to spend his Sundays with 
Italian friends, at the time that he was "keeping a soap and candle 
factory on Staten Island. " 

Dobbs' Febby is the next village above Hastings, on the east side, 
named after an old Swedish ferryman. It is the scene of a romantic 
story, long ago put in verse, and styled the "Legend of Dobbs' Ferry, 
or the Marital Fate of Hendrich and Katrina. " The river now widens 
into a beautiful bay, known as the Mediterranean Sea of the New Neth- 
erlands, and we come to our second division. 

26 



TAPPAN ZEE— REPOSE. 

" Oool shades and dews are round my way, 
And silence of the early day, 
'Mid the dark rocks that watch his bed 
(Hitters the mighty Hudson spread 
Unrippled, save by drops that fall 
From shrubs that fringe his mountain wall; 
And o'er the clear still Avater swells 
The music of the Sabbath bells." 

The Palisades now lose their wall-like character, and break away in 
little headlands to the north and northwest; and now, as we pass Piep.- 
mont, on the west side, we leave behind us the New Jersey wall, which 
was almost enough to "keep her out of the Union," and are entirely 
within the jurisdiction of the Empire State — the New Jersey line is only 
a short distance below Piermont. The pier of the Erie railroad, which 
here juts into the river, is about one mile in length, and gives the name 
to the village. The boulevard from this point to Rockland Lake, pass- 
ing through Nyack, will soon be one of the finest drives on the Hudson. 
About two miles from Piermont is the old village of Tappan, where 
Andre was executed. 

Ievtngton is about opposite Piermont, twenty-four miles from New 
York. The river is here about three miles wide, and the sloping hills 
that look over this tranquil bay are literally covered with beautiful 
villas and charming grounds. About half a mile above the depot, and 
near the river bank, almost hid in foliage, is 

Sunnyside, the great classic and poetic spot of our country — the 
home of Washington Irving, who laid the corner-stone of American 
literature. Fifty years ago the English critic sneeringly asked, "Who 
reads an American book ? " Irving quietly answered the question, and 
carried the war into the enemy's country by writing ' ' Bracebridge 
Hall," "Westminster Abbey," and "Stratford-on-Avon;" and his name 
is cherished to-day in England almost as fondly as in our own country. 
A few years ago it was our good fortune to pass a few days in the very 
centre of "Merrie England," in that quiet town on the Avon, and we 
found the name of Irving almost as reverently regarded as that of the 

27 



immortal Shakespeare. The sitting-room in the "Bed Horse Hotel," 
where he was disturbed in his midnight reverie, is still called Irving's 
room, and the walls hung with portraits taken at different periods of 
his life. Mine host said that visitors from every land were as much in- 
terested in this room as in Shakespeare's birthplace. The remark may- 
have been intensified to flatter an American visitor, but there are few 
names dearer to the Anglo-Saxon race than that on the plain headstone 
in the burial-yard of Sleepy Hollow. 

In Irving's essay of " Wolfert's Boost" (the old name of Sunnyside) 
he describes his home very aptly as "made up of gable-ends, and full 
of angles and corners as an old cocked hat. It is said, in fact, to have 
been modelled after the cocked hat of Peter the Headstrong, as the 
Escurial of Spain was modelled after the gridiron of the blessed St. 
Laurence." The late Napoleon III. was at one time a visitor at Sunny- 
side; and here, in 1842, Daniel Webster paid Irving a visit, with ap- 
pointment and credentials as Minister to Spain. 

Tarrytown is also on the east side, about three miles north of Ir- 
vington. Its name was derived from the old Dutch word Tarwe-town, 
or wheat-town, although Knickerbocker's natural philosophy imagined 
that it arose from the tarrying of husband at the village tavern. 

On the old post-road, now called Broadway, going north from the 
village, Major Andre was captured, and a monument erected on the 
spot by the people of Westchester County, October 7, 1853, with this 
inscription ; — 

ON THIS SPOT, 
THE 23D DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 1780, THE SPY, 

MAJOB JOHN ANDBE, 

Adjutant-General of the British Army, was captured by 
John Paulding, David Williams, and Isaac Van Wart, 
all natives of this county. 
History has told the rest. , 

It is said that the tree beneath which Andre was captured was struck 
by lightning in July, 1801, the very day of Arnold's death in London. 

28 



Tarrytown and vicinity was the very heart of the debatable ground of 
the Revolution; and here, according to Irving, arose the two great 
orders of border chivalry — the Skinners and the Cow-Boys. The for- 
mer fought, or rather marauded, under the American, the latter under 
the British banner. "In the zeal of service both were apt to make 
blunders, and confounded the property of friend and foe. Neither of 
them, in the heat and hurry of a foray, had time to ascertain the poli- 
tics of a horse or cow which they were driving off into captivity, nor 




ICHABOB CRANE AND KATRINA VAN TASSEIx. 

when they wrung the neck of a rooster did they trouble their heads 
whether he crowed for Congress or King George. " 

This was indeed an eventful neighborhood to the faithful historian, 
Diedrich Knickerbocker; and here he picked up many of those legends 
which were given by him to the world, or found among his papers. 
One of these was the legend connected with the old Dutch Church of 
Sleepy Hollow. A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the 
land, and to pervade the very atmosphere. "Some say the place was 

29 



bewitched by a high German doctor during the early days of the settle- 
ment; others that an old Indian chief, the wizard of his tribe, held 
his pow-wows there before Hendrich Hudson's discovery of the river. 
The dominant spirit, however, that haunts this enchanted region, is the 
apparition of a figure on horseback without a head, said to be the ghost 
of a Hessian trooper, and was known at all the country firesides as the 
"headless horseman" of Sleepy Hollow. Sunnyside, you remember, 
was once the property of old Baltus Van Tassel; and here lived the fair 
Katrina, beloved by all the youths, but more especially by Ichabod 
Crane, the country schoolmaster, and a reckless youth, Mr. Van Brunt. 
A faithful view of the unsuccessful courtship of Ichabod will be seen in 
the cut here given, from the statuette group of Ichabod and Katrina, 
by Mr. Rogers, of New York, whose skill we again refer to in our article 
on "Bip Van Winkle among the Catskills." 

The Old Dutch Church, and the burial yard where Irving is buried, is 
about one half mile north from Tarrytown. A plain stone, with simple 
inscription, ' ' Washington Irving, born April 3d, 1783, died November 
28th, 1859, " marks the resting-place of the sweetest writer in our literature. 

Nyack on the Hudson is a pleasant village opposite Tarrytown. The 
large building south of the village is the Kockland Female Seminary. 

Sing-Sing, on the east side, is six miles above Tarrytown, and thirty- 
two from New York. Its name is said to be derived from the Indian 
words ossin, a stone, and ing, a place, from the rocky and stony charac- 
ter of the river bank. 

The State Prison, with its white walls, was built of stone quarried on 
the spot by a band o'-sin-ing mortals imported from Auburn, in 1829. 

Bockland Lake lies opposite Sing-Sing, set in a " dimple of the 
hills," and is not seen from the river. As we look at the great ice- 
houses to-day, which, like uncouth barns, stand here and there along 
the Hudson, it does not seem possible that only a few years ago ice was 
decidedly unpopular, and wheeled about New York in a hand-cart. 
Think of one hand-cart supplying New York with ice ! It was consid- 
ered unhealthy, and called forth many learned discussions. The point 
that seems to project into the river was called " Verdietege" Hook be- 
ing considered a " very tedious" spot by the old Dutch mariners. 

30 



Croton Eiveb meets the Hudson about one mile above Sing-Sing, 
and it is a singular fact that the pitcher and ice-cooler of New York, or, 
in other words, Croton Dam and Eockland Lake, should be directly 
opposite. About thirty years ago, the Croton first made its appearance 
in New York, brought in by an aqueduct of solid masonry. The old 
Indian name of the Croton was Kitch-a-wonck. The Dam is an inter- 
esting place to visit, and we understand that city milkmen, when jour- 
neying up the river, never pass the point without reverently lifting 
their hats. "We would modestly suggest a yearly picnic to this dam, 




LAKE MAHOPAC, ONE OF THE FOUNTAINS OF THE CROTON. 

where these modern Hildebrands could worship their "Undines,' md 
compute the value of 500, 000, 000 gallons at "ten cents a quart, "—a nice 
little running account, large enough per annum to build the State capital 
or the East Eiver bridge. 

Lake Mahopac is one of the finest fountains of the Croton, and the 
finest lake near the metropolis. It can be reached very easily by the 
Harlem Eailroad from New York. The old Indian name was Ma-cook- 
pake, signifying a large inland lake. The same derivation, we imagine, 
is also seen in Copake Lake, Columbia County. The view here given 

3i' 



shows the island where the last meeting of the southern tribes of the 

Hudson was held. The lake is one thousand feet above tide-water a 

magnificent sheet of water, with emerald islands; and it is pleasant to 
know that the bright waters of Mahopac and the clear fountains of 
Putnam County are carried to New York, even as the poetic waters of 
Loch Katrine supply the commercial city of Glasgow. Lake Mahopac 
has fine hotels, and is a pleasant place of summer resort. 

Teller's Point was called by the Indians, Senasqua; and tradition 
says that the ancient warriors still haunt the surrounding glens and 
woods, and the sachems of Teller's Point are household words in the 
neighborhood. It is also said that there was once a great Indian battle 
here, and perhaps the ghosts of the old warriors are attracted by the 
Underhill Grapery and the 10,000 gallons of wine bottled every year. 

Haverstraw Bat. — Passing Teller's Point we come into Haverstraw 
Bay. This expanse of water was called by the Indians, Kumachenack. 
The village is on the west side. Three miles above Haverstraw, also on 
the west side, we pass Stony Point, where, at two o'clock one mornino-, 
Wayne— better known as "Mad Anthony "—sent the brief despatch to 
Washington : " Dear General — The American flag waves here. " Passing 
Verplank's Point, just opposite Stony Point, and we see 

Peekskill, forty-three miles from New York, on the east bank, 
where Nathan Palmer, the spy, was hung; and another brief message 
sent by Putnam, to the effect, "Nathan Palmer was taken as a spy, 
tried as a spy, and will be hanged as a spy. — P. S. He is hanged." In 
1797 Peekskill was the headquarters of old Israel Putnam. This was 
the birthplace of Paulding, one of Andre's captors, and he died here in 
1818. There is a monument to his memory about two miles north of 
the village. It is said that the stream and town took their names from 
a worthy Dutch skipper, Jans Peek, who imagined he had found the 
head waters of the Hudson, and run aground, on the east side, in the 
stream which now bears his name. It was called by the Indians the 
unpoetic name Sackboes. Near Peekskill is the old Van Cortlandt 
house, the residence of Washington for a short time during the Kevo- 
lution. East of the village is the farm and summer home of the great 
pulpit-orator of our country — Henry Ward Beecher. 

32 



THE HIGHLANDS — SUBLIMITY. 

" And ever- wakeful Echo here doth dwell, 
The nymph of sportive mockery, that still 
Hides behind every rock, in every dell, 
And softly glides unseen from hill to hill." 

Turning Kidd's Point, or Caldwell's Landing, almost at right angles, 
the steamer enters the Highlands. Near the Point will be seen some 
upright planks, or caissons, near the water's edge. They mark the spot 
where Captain Kidd's ship was supposed to have been scuttled. As the 
famous captain's history seems to be quite intimately associated with 
the Hudson, we will give in brief 

The Story oe Captain Kidd. — His name was William, and he was 
born about the middle of the seventeenth century; and it is thought, 
near Greenock, in Scotland: resided at one time in New York, near 
the eorner of William and Cedar Streets, and was there married. In 
April, 1696, Kidd sailed from England in command of the "Adventure 
Galley," with fall armament and eighty men. He captured a French 
ship, and, on arrival at" New York, put up articles for volunteers: 
remained in New York three or four months, increasing his crew to 
one hundred and fifty-five men, and sailed thence to Maderas, thence 
to Bonavista and St. Jago, to Madagascar, then to Caiicut, then to 
Madagascar again, then sailed and took the "Quedah Merchant." 
Kidd kept forty shares of the spoils, and divided the rest with his crew. 
He then burned the "Adventure Galley," went on board the "Quedah 
Merchant," and sailed for the West Indies. Here he left the "Mer- 
chaat," with part of the crew, under one Bolton, as commander. Then 
manned a sloop, and taking part of his spoils, went to Boston via Long- 
Island Sound, and is said to have set goods on shore at different places. 
In the mean time, in August, 1698, the East India Company informed 
the Lords Justices that Kidd had committed several acts of piracy, par- 
ticularly in seizing a Moor's ship called the " Quedah Merchant." 
When Kidd landed at Boston he was therefore arrested by the Earl of 
Bellamont, and sent to England for trial, 1699, where he was found 
guilty and executed. Now it is supposed that the crew of the " Quedah 

33 



Merchant," which Kidd left at Hispaniola, started with their ship for 
the Hudson, as the crew was mostly gathered from the Highlands and 
above It is said that they passed New York in the night, and started 
with their ship for the manor of Livingston; but encountering a gale 
in the Highlands, and thinking they were pursued, run her near the 
shore, now known as Kidcl's Point, and here scuttled her, and the crew 
fled to the woods with such treasure as they could carry. "Whether this 
circumstance was true or not, it was at least a current story in the 
neighborhood, and an enterprising individual, about forty years ago, 
caused an old cannon to be discovered in the river, and perpetrated the 
first " Cardiff Giant Hoax. " A New York Stock Company was organized 
to prosecute the work. It was said that the ship could be seen in clear 
days, with her masts still standing, many fathoms below the surface. 
One thing is certain— the Company didn't see it or the treasurer either, 
in whose hands were deposited about $30,000. 

The Dundbebeeg rises directly above this point — the Olympus of 
Dutch Mythology. It was the dread of the early navigators, and sailors 
had to drop the peaks of their mainsails in salute to the goblin who 
inhabited it, and presided over those little imps in sugar-loaf hats and 
short doublets, who were frequently seen tumbling head over heels in 
the rack and mist. No wonder that the old burghers of New York never 
thought of making their week's voyage to Albany without arranging 
their wills; and it created as much commotion in New Amsterdam as a 
Stanley expedition in search of Livingstone. Verdrietege Hook, the 
Dunderberg, and the Overslaugh were names of terror to even the 
bravest skipper. 

Anthony's Nose. — The high peak on the east bank, just above the 
"Nameless Highland," is Anthony's Nose, which, in our Guide-Book 
published in 1869, we considered the prominent feature of the Hudson. 
It is about 1500 feet high, and has two or three christenings. One says 
it was named after St. Anthony the Great — the first institutor of mo- 
nastic life, born A.D. 251, at Coma, in Heraclea, a town in Upper 
Egypt. Irving's humorous account is, however, quite as probable, to 
wit: that it was derived from the nose of Anthony Yan Corlear, the il- 
lustrious trumpeter of Peter Stuyvesant. "Now thus it happened that 

34 



bright and early in the morning the good Anthony, having washed his 
burly visage, was leaning over the quarter-railing of the galley, contem- 
plating it in the glassy waves below. Just at this moment the illustrious 
sun, breaking in all his splendor from behind a high bluff of the High- 
lands, did dart one of his most potent beams full upon the refulgent 
nose of the sounder of brass, the reflection of which shot straightway 
down hissing hot into the water, and killed a mighty sturgeon that was 
sporting beside the vessel. When this astonishing miracle was made 
known to the Governor, and he tasted of the unknown fish, he marveled 
exceedingly; arid, as a monument thereof, he gave the name of An- 
thony's Nose to a stout promontory in the neighborhood, and it has 
continued to be called Anthony's Nose ever since." This mountain was 
called by the Indians Kittatenny, a Delaware term signifying "endless 
hills." 

Opposite Anthony's Nose is the beautiful island of Iona; and we ob- 
tain a fine view of old Sugar-Loaf to the north. We are now in the 
midst of historic country, and the various points are literally crowded 
together: Beverley Dock, Beverley House, Fort Putnam, North and 
South Redoubt Mountains, Kosciusko's Garden, and Fort Constitution. 
Both sides of the river are full of interest, and we will refer to each 

Buttermilk Falls, named by Washington Irving, is seen on the left 
soon after passing the Benny Havens Cottage indicated in our Guide 
Board. It is always beautiful and like sparkling wit never dry (or hard- 
ly ever), even in the longest Summer, but the tourist is fortunate who 
sees it in full dress costume after a heavy shower, when it rushes over 
the rocks in floods of snow-white foam. It was known among the In- 
dians as the Princes Falls (owned by a Prince of the hill country). 
The rivulet south of these falls was called by the Indians the Ossinipink, 
or the stream from the solid rocks; and while we are dealing with 
"Waterfalls," we might also speak of the Brocken Kill, a stream which 
empties, below Anthony's Nose, a Dutch word for water broken in its flow. 

Highland Falls is the name of a small village a short distance west 
of the river on the bluff, but not seen from the deck of the steamer. 
The large building south of Buttermilk Falls, was known as the Parry 
House, but it has recently passed into the hands of a West Point gradu- 

35 



ate, who has converted it into a Preparatory School for the West Point 
Academy. The building north of the falls is known as Cozzens' Hotel, 
and has a commanding and pleasant site. It is, however, one mile and 
a half from the Parade Ground — the principal attraction of West Point, 
and the visitor who has only a few days at his command, will perhaps 
gather more information by locating at West Point proper, whose well- 
constructed dock our steamer is now approaching. 

West Point. — What Quebec is to Montreal and the '•'res!) ot Canady," 
West Point is to New York and our Country. This may be considered 
a mathematical formula, a sort of "rule of three " statement, but we 
are safe in saying that these rocks are as historic if not as gray, that the 
view of the Hudson at this point is grander than the St. La rence, that 
old Fort Putnam is as venerable as the Heights of Abraham, and the 
new fortifications are as pleasant if not so imposing as the walls an 1 
Citadel of Quebec, and the sensation is something the same in both 
places; we feel that we are in the midst of law and authority, and at the 
end of our first Centennial we feel justified in quoting from one of our 
American poets: 

" What though no cloister gray or ivied column 

Along this cliff their sombre ruins rear, 
What though no frowning tower or temple solemn 
Of despots tell and superstition here. 
Yet sights and sounds at which the world have wondered 

Within these wild ravines here had their birth, 
Young freedom's cannon from thete glens have thundered, 

And sent their startling echoes o'er the earth. 
And not a verdant glade or mountain hoary, 
But treasures up within the glorious story." 

West Point Hotel. — The first thing to do is to get located at a Ho- 
tel, and there is no finer one on the Hudson than the one we have indi- 
cated at the opening of this paragraph. In fact it is the only one on 
the Government Grounds, and its location is unrivaled; on one side 
commanding the entire Parade Ground, and on the other looking out 
upon the Eiver two hundred feet below, with the finest view of old Cro 
Nest and Storm King to the north, a wonderful vista of grandeur, poetry 
and beauty. (Albert H. Craney, Proprietor). Excursion tickets from New 

36 



York to "West Point and return are only $1, via the Day Line Steamers, and 
there is ample time for looking over the grounds and taking dinner at the 
Hotel. A new road from "West Point to Cornwall is completed, and the com- 
ing tourist of the Hudson will make this « 'part and parcel " of his trip. It 
is quite as smooth and enjoyable as the well-known Catskill Mountain road, 
is ' ' something new, " and within easy reach. The panoramic view is very 
grand, and gives one a pleasant acquaintance with the wooded Highlands. 
It passes over the plateau of old Cro Nest, and winds down the Cornwall 
slope of Storm King. The trip reminds one of our friend Mr. Boe's 
charming book, as in this way we are really brought 

"Near to Nature's heart." 
And, by the way, the Highlands are the scene of the story. Carriages 
are obtained at Messrs. Denton's livery, proprietors of Omnibuses con- 
necting at West Point Landing, and we will say here, by way of paren- 
thesis, that the traveler who sees Storm King and old Cro Nest from the 
river, has little idea of their extent, but the Cornwall road, completed in 
the Summer of 1876, opens up all the loveliness and grandeur of this 
section. There is no finer road in all our country, none better engi- 
neered, none that conquers a grade more easily, and few presenting a 
finer outlook. 

Ceo Nest Plateau is about one thousand feet above the Parade 
Ground of "West Point, and overlooks it as a rocky balcony. These 
mountains, with their wonderful lake system, are, in fact, the ' ' Central 
Park " of the Hudson. Within a radius of ten miles are clustered over 
forty lakes, and we very much doubt if one person in a thousand ever 
heard of them. It would pay the New York Herald to discover another 
Stanley, and find a few " Nyanzas" nearer home. We understand there 
is no map giving the physical geography of this section to be found, even 
in the West Point Library. We would suggest to the professors of West 
Point the words of Hamlet : "Reform it altogether." 

But to return — West Point has the most beautiful location on the Hud- 
son, and Washington suggested this place as the most eligible situation 
for a Military Academy. It went into operation about 1812, and the land 
was ceded to the General Government of the United States in the year 
eighteen hundred twenty-six. The Parade Ground is situated on a fine 

37 



plateau about two hundred feet above the river. The parade-ground 
seems almost as level as a floor; and, as the buildings are at a little dis- 
tance from the river, they are only partially seen. The first building 
on the right hand to one ascending from the landing is the riding-school 
used in winter. To the rear of this the public stables, accommodating 
one hundred and fifty horses. Then, as you ascend, the pathway brings 
you to a new fireproof building for offices, a beautiful feature. To the 
right hand of this building is the library, with a dome. The next build- 
ing is the chapel; and next to the chapel is the old riding-hall, now 
used for recitation-rooms, gymnasiums, gallery of paintings, and mu- 
seums. On the same street are located the cadet barracks; and to the 
north, the officers' quarters. Prominent in this vicinity is the fine 
monument to General Sedgwick. Starting again at the old riding-hall, 
and going south, we come to the cadet hall and the cadet hospital; and 
still further south, another section of officers' quarters. Near the flag- 
staff will be found a fine collection of old cannon, old chains, old shell, 
and the famous "swamp angel " gun, taken from the rebels. Fort 
Knox was just above the landing. Near the river bank can also be seen 
Dade's Monument, Kosciusko's Garden, and Kosciusko's Monument. 
Old Fort Clinton was located on the plain, near the monument; and 
far above, like a sentinel left at his post, Fort Putnam looks down upon 
the changes of a hundred years. But of all places around "West Point, 
Kosciusko's Garden seems the finest and most suggestive, connected as 
it is with a hero not only of his own country, but a man ready to battle 
for free institutions, taking up the sublime words of the old Boman 
orator, " Where Liberty is, there is my country." A beautiful spring is 
near the Garden, and the indenture of a ,cannon-ball is still pointed out 
in the rocks, which must have disturbed the patriot's meditations. 

"West Point during the Eevolution was the Gibraltar of the Hudson; 
and the saddest lesson of those stern old days is connected with its 
history. Benedict Arnold was in command of this important point, and 
the story of his treachery is familiar to every schoolboy. It will be re- 
membered that Arnold met Andre at the house of Joshua Hett Smith, 
at a place now known as Treason Hill, near the village of Haverstraw. 
Major Andre was sent as the representative of the British commander, 

38 



Sir Henry Clinton. Andre, with the papers and plans of Arnold se- 
creted in his boots, passes down the Tarrytown road, and was arrested, 
as we said in our article on Tarrytown, and the papers discovered. With 
this preface, our history will carry us across the river to 

Garrison, on the east side. Arnold returned from Haverstraw to 
the Beverley House, where he was then living. This house is situated 
about one mile south of the Garrison Depot, near the magnificent 
grounds and residence of the Hon. Hamilton Fish. Colonel Jamieson 
sent a letter to Arnold informing him of the facts, and this letter Arnold 
received on the morning of the 24th of September. Alexander Hamilton 
and Genera] Lafayette were at breakfast with him. He read its contents 
and excused himself from the table, kissed his wife good-bye, told her 
he was a ruined man and a traitor, kissed his little boy in the cradle, 
fled to Beverley Dock, and ordered his men to pull off and go down the 
river. The "Vulture," English man-of-war, was near Teller's Point, 
and received a traitor, whose living treason had to be atoned by tho 
blood of Andre, the noble and pure-hearted officer. It is said that 
Arnold lived long enough to be hissed in the House of Commons, as he 
once took his seat in the gallery, and he died friendless, and, in fact, 
despised. It is also said that one day when Talleyrand arrived in Havre 
on foot from Paris, in the darkest hour of the French Bevolution, pur- 
sued by the bloodhounds of the reign of terror, he was about to secure 
a passage to the United States, and asked the landlord of the hotel, " So 
there are Americans staying at your house ? I am going across the 
water, and would like a letter to a person of influence in the New 
World." "There is a gentleman up-stairs from Britain or America," 
was the response. He pointed the way, and Talleyrand ascended the 
stairs. In a dimly lighted room sat the man of whom the great minister 
of France was to ask a favor. He advanced, and poured forth in elegant 
French and broken English, "lam a wanderer, and an exile. lam 
forced to fly to the New World without a friend or home. You are an 
American. Give me, then, I beseech you, a letter of yours, so that I 
may be able to earn my bread." The strange gentleman rose. With a 
look that Talleyrand never forgot, he retreated toward the door of the 
next chamber. He spoke as h© retreated, and his voice was full of 

39 



suffering; "I am the only man of the New "World who can raise his hand 
to God and say, 'I have not a friend, not one, in America! ' " "Who 
are you? " he cried. "Your name? " "My name is Benedict Arnold. " 
Would that our modern traitors had the same vulture at their vitals as 
in the early days of the Republic, when treason was made odious with- 
out the aid of politicians. 

If West Point and its fortifications had passed at that time into the 
hands of the enemy, it would be difficult to say what disaster might 
have befallen our arms; but, through all those dark days, when the 




THE HIGHLAND HOUSE, GARRISON, N. Y. 
G. F. Garrison, Owner and Proprietor. 

American army literally tracked their way with blood through the snows 
of seven winters, it seemed as if the matter was entirely in the hands of 
Divine Providence; and that the words of Patrick Henry were every 
day verified: "There is a just God, who presides over nation? " 

As we have before stated, the station Garrison, on the Hudson River 
Railroad, is directly opposite West Point, and about half a mile from 
the depot is the Highland House, standing on a magnificent plateau. 

40 



We call attention to the fact that this is not the Highland House near 
Cozzen's, neither is it the little house at the ferry crossing, as unplea- 
sant mistakes have sometimes been made, but " The Highland House," 
about four hundred feet above the river, appropriately named, lying in 
the very centre of the Highlands. Its proprietors are descendants of 
the family who lived here in the time of the Revolution, from whom 
the ferry and landing took their name. The house has been recently 
enlarged to almost double its former capacity. Its location is certainly 




INDIAN FALLS, NEAR HIGHLAND HOUSE, GAREISON, N. T. 

one of the finest along the river. The plateau is inclosed by the North 
Redoubt and South Redoubt Mountains, reaching from Sugar-Loaf and 
Anthony's Nose on the south, to Breakneck on the north. 

"Wander where you will, the surrounding mountains abound with 
wild and picturesque glens. Poet, artist, novelist, and historian, all 
who find books in running brooks, continually add their testimony to 
the accumulating evidence. In brief, all who wish to spend a summer 

41 



pleasantly and profitably will find the "Highland House" — a cut of 
which is here given — one of the finest family hotels on the Hudson 
Eiver. Its location is picturesque and healthy, on higher ground than 
"West Point, and commanding a full view. The scenery and drives of 
the Highlands are very &ne. 

About a mile and a half to the north, in a picturesque glen, are In- 
dian Falls, well known to artists, and by them made familial" to those 
who never had the opportunity of visiting one of the prettiest little 
points of scenery on the Hudson. It is impossible to condense their 
beauty into a single sketch, but we present the above cut as an index- 
hand pointing the tourist to the real beauty of which any representation 
would be only a shadow. With a book of poems in hand, or a walking 
romance on one's arm, we imagine a summer's day would glide by, "as 
golden hours on angel wings." 

The Glen Falls are only half a mile distant; and, added to this 
blended history and beauty, all over this eastern bank there are local 
legends — unclaimed children of history — waiting for their relationship 
to be acknowledged. Surely, there is no place where the history of our 
country can be studied with greater interest than among these wild 
fastnesses, where Freedom found protection. 

Constitution Point. — A short distance above West Point Landing 
the steamer turns a right angle. On the east bank, almost opposite, 
known as Constitution Island, lives Miss Susan Warner, author of' 
"Queechy" and "The Wide, Wide World," of which latter work 
40,000 copies were sold in the United States. On this point, or island, 
ruins of the old fort are still seen. It was once called Martalaer's 
Rock Island. • 

Cold Speing. — A little to the north, also on east bank, is the village 
of Cold Spring, which received its name very naturally from the fact 
that there was a cold spring in the vicinity. A short distance north of 
the village we see 

Undeecxipp, the home of the poet Morris, now owned by his son. 
It lies, in fact, under the cliff and shadow of Mount Taurus, and has a 

42 



fine outlook upon the river and surrounding mountains. Standing on 
the piazza, we see direct]y in front of us Old Cro' Nest; and it was on 
this piaaza that the poet wrote 

s ' Where Hudson's wave o'er silvery sands 
Winds through the hills afar, 
Old Cro 1 Nest like a monarch stands, 
Crowned with a single star." 




OLD CKO' NEST. 
(From Lossing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.'') 

It is said that Mrs. Morris was the original of that beautiful character 
painted by Washington Irving, in his charming essay, " The Wife." 

Old Ceo' Nest is the first mountain above West Point, and 1418 feet 
high. Its name was given from a circular lake on the summit, suggest- 
ing by its form and solitary location a nest among the mountains, and 

43 



this fancy soon gave a name to the* entire mountain. This mountain is 
also intimately associated with poetry, as the scene of Eodman Drake's 
< 'Culprit Fay":— 

" "lis the middle watch of a summer night, 
The earth is dark, but the heavens are bright, 
The moon looks down on Old Cro' Nest — 
She mellows the shade on his shaggy breast, 
And seems his huge grey form to throw 
In a silver cone on the wave below." 

Stoem King, to the north of Cro' Nest, is the highest peak of tha 
Highlands, being 1800 feet above tide water. Its first name was 
Klinkersberg, afterward called Butter Hill, and christened by Willis 
Storm King. This mountain forms the northern portal of the High- 
lands, on the west side. Breakneck is opposite, on the east side, where 
St. Anthony's Face was blasted away. In this mountain solitude there 
was a shade of reason in giving that solemn countenance of stone the 
name of St. Anthony, as a good representation of monastic life; and, 
by a quiet sarcasm, the full-length nose below was probably thus sug- 
gested. 

The Highlands now trend off to the northeast, and we see the New 
Beacon, or Grand Sachem Mountain, 1685 feet high, and about half a 
mile to the north, the Old Beacon, 1471 feet in height. These moun- 
tains were used for signal stations during the Kevolution. They 
were called by the Indians the Matteawan, and the whole range of 
Highlands were sometimes referred to as the Wequehachke, or the Hill 
Country. It was also believed by the Indians that, in ancient days, 
" before the Hudson poured its waters from the lakes, the Highlands 
formed one vast prison, within whose rocky bosom the omnipotent 
Manito confined the rebellious spirits who repined at his control. 
Here, bound in adamantine chains, or jammed in rifted pines, or 
crushed by ponderous rocks, they groaned for many an age. At length 
the conquering Hudson, in its career toward the ocean, burst open their 
prison-house, rolling its tide triumphantly through the stupendous 
ruins." An idea quite in accordance with modern science. 

44 



The steamer is now passing close to the base of old Storm King, 
and we get a fine view of this mountain rock, with sides all scarred 
and torn by storms and lightning. Almost before us, to the right, 



Pollipel's Island, supposed by thS Indians to be a supernatural 




UPPER ENTRANCE TO THE HIGHLANDS, FROM CORNWALL LANDING. 

(From Lossing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.") 

spot. The island, however, has a little romance connected with it, 
which is decidedly supernatural. Some fair Katrina of the neighbor- 
hood, a great many years ago, was beloved by a farmer's lad. She re- 
ciprocates, but, by coquettish art, was playing the (sad havoc) with 

a young minister's affections. One winter evening, minister and Ka- 

45 



trina were driving on the ice, near this island. The farmer's son very 
naturally was also driving in the same vicinity. The ice broke, and 
minister and young lady were rescued by the bold youth. The minister 
discovers that Katrina and young Hendrich both love each other, and 
there, under the moonlight, on that supernatural island, with solemn 
ceremony, unites them in bonds of holy matrimony. It ought henceforth 
and forever to be called the "Lovers' Island. " This pleasing story pre- 
sents a strong contrast to the sad fate of a wedding-party at the Dans- 
kammer Rock, to which we shortly refer. We are now nearing the 
pleasant village of 

CoBNWALii-ON-THB-HuDSON, the locality N. P. Willis selected as the 
most healthy and picturesque point of the Hudson. The village lies in 
a lovely valley which Mr. Beach has styled, in his able description, " as 
an off-shoot of the Eamapo up which the storm winds of the ocean drive 
laden with the purest and freshest air. Sweeping through the Moodna, 
they come to us in all their delicious sweetness, driving before them and 
beyond them all impurities and poisonous exhalations." From the Corn- 
wall and West Point Mountain road, (which we referred to while speak- 
ing of West Point), we get the best idea of the topography of this shel- 
tered valley and the Cornwall of the interior, a running village of pleas- 
ant residences and villas about two miles in length. Idlewild, with its 
pleasant glen and sunny slope, has a beautiful location in the very cen- 
tre of this charming landscape and is one of the points to be visited. 
Cornwall is also the home of the Rev. E. P. Roe, a gentleman who has 
achieved marked success in two departments. Known to the world at 
large as a successful author whose works have had a sale of 100,000 cop- 
ies during the last four years, with a continually increasing demand, he 
is also known in the department of fruit culture as the most successful 
in our State. It will be remembered that he took the first premium for 
the best and largest collection at the New York Horticultural Society's 
Show of Strawberries and Roses at Gilmore's Garden, and we have seen 
it announced recently that he sold last spring over a million of plants of 
various kinds. 

The Glen Ridge House, of Cornwall, N. Y., has been open for the 
accommodation of summer guests for the past 20 years under the same 

4 6 



management. It has recently been greatly enlarged, and has introduced 
modern improvements in the way of gas, water, spring mattresses, &c. 
Accommodates 250 guests, and is open from May 1st to November 1st of 
each year. There are 40 acres of open grounds about the house and 
cottages, with glens, shaded walks, &c. Half a mile from the river, fine 
river and mountain views, and beautiful walks and drives. Fruit, milk, 
vegetables, &c. , produced on the grounds a specialty ; horses, carriages, 
stages, &c. , belonging to the house. Terms, from twelve to fifteen dol- 
lars per week. James G. Roe, Proprietor, Cornwall, N. Y. 

Newbubgh. — As we approach the city of Newburgh, the tourist will 
see a building cf rough stone, one story high, with steep roof — known as 
"Washington's head-quarters, or the old " Hasbrouck house, " as it was 
owned by Jonathan Hasbrouck, in 1782, when Washington made this 
city his head-quarters, (from the spring of 1782 until August 18th, 1783.) 
The house, or at least the older portion, was built in 1750, and here, in 
the early part of the Revolution, public meetings were held, and through- 
out the war it was a central point, as Hasbrouck was a man of marked 
character and Colonel of the militia, and in frequent service in guarding 
the Highland passes. It will also be remembered that it was here that 
Y/askington was invited to assume Kingship, which proposition he re- 
j ected with scorn, and it is also said that the rank and file of the Army 
rose up against it, and around their camp fires chanted the old song 
which shewed they were men of the Cromwell stamp — 

"Ko King but God." 
It was here, also, that the army was advised to revolt, as Congress had 
not voted supplies, and a meeting was advised by an anonymous letter, 
but the trouble was arrested by the touching address and appeal of 
Washington. His first sentence is remembered by every one. He com- 
menced to read his manuscript without glasses, but was compelled to 
stop, and as he adjusted them to his eyes, he said, "You see, gentlemen, 
that I have not only grown gray, but blind, in your service. " It is need- 
less to say that the "anonymously called" meeting was not held. It 
was here, also, that the army was disbanded, and the farewell orders of 
Y/ashington read. 

But it would be impossible to condense into the narrow pages of a 

47 



THE BALDWIN HOUSE, 




JS . WiSUUGH, ORASGE CO., Si. ^. 

Guaranteed to be the best appointed Hotel on the Hudson River between 
New York and Albany. It contains all modern improvements, commanding a 
fine view of the Hudson from West Point to New Hamburgh. Ground 203 feet 
above tide-water. For beauty, extent and variety of scenery, it cannot be sur- 
passed. House large and commodious ; pleasant, shaded grounds, 325 feet 
Piazza, Open summer and winter. 

FREE BUS to and from the House. Five minutes drive from steamboat 
landing. 

The ONLY FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, in Newburgh. 

Transient Board, $2.00 per day; $8.00 to $12 per week. Special rates to 
Families. 

Tourists coming to Newburgh to visit Washington's Head-quarters can take 
Dinner at the House, and then ride from House to Head-quarters, have 30 min- 
utes there, and return to landing in time for down Boat. Bus charge only 10c. 
Those not wishing Dinner will find Bus on dock for Head-quarters. Fare 10c. 

SMITH & WALTERMIKE, Proprietors. 

Look out for the Baldwin House Bus. 



general Guide the many facts of interest which cluster about these old 
walls. We will only present a brief sketch of what the visitor will see 
to-day who spends an hour or more among the relics of a hundred years 
ago, and we will refer the reader for more particular information to the 
catalogue of manuscripts and relics, to be had of the Superintendent of 
the house, published by Mr. E. M. Euttenber, who has done much for 
the Hudson Valley, and Orange County in particular. 

The Head-quarters are about one-half mile from the Landing, and the 
tasty park which encloses it, well filled with trees, affords cheerful shade 
and " cool comfort" to the visitor. It retains a few warlike suggestions, 
in the shape of cannon and artillery, of modern construction, and the grave 
of Uzal Knapp, the last of Washington's Life Guards. The grounds 
consist of five acres, and command a fine view of the Highlands and the 
Eiver north and south. 

The room that we enter by the front porch, abounds with relics in the 
shape of old pictures, parchments, manuscripts, many of which are very 
valuable. In the room on the right the visitor will register his name, 
and add one to the 235,000 signatures who have gone this way before 
him. In the room beyond this to the right, is an old piano, of most har- 
monious discord, only 119 or 120 years old. In the room opposite this, 
are swords and muskets of different styles and patterns, each with its 
own history of the long struggle. The fire-place, open to the sky, is of 
the antique pattern, and it requires no great stretch of the imagination 
to surround it with the old heroes that were here gathered a century ago. 
Newburgh can indeed be proud of this Thesaurus, or Treasure house of 
the century. The city rises from the river in a succession of terraces — 
has a population of about twenty thousand — was settled by the Pala- 
tines, in 1708. 

Fishkilij Landing and Matteawan, directly opposite, pleasantly lo- 
cated under the Fishkill Mountains. One mile south of Fishkiil Land- 
ing the Columbia and Duchess Eailroad connects with the Hudson Eiver, 
and forms a direct route to Hartford via the Connecticut Western Eail- 
road from Millerton; but the route via Poughkeepsie and Eastern Eail- 
road is preferred. The view from Beacon Mountain is worth the ascent, 
and the tourist ought not to neglect the opportunity. 

48 



HILLSIDES FOE TWENTY MILES— THE PICTUEESQUE. 

" By woody bluff we steal, by leaning lawn, 
By palace, village, cot, — a sweet surprise 
At every turn the vision breaks upon." 

Low Point, or Carthage, is a small village on the east bank, about 
four miles north of Eishkill It was called by the early inhabitants 
Low Point, as New Hamburgh, two miles to the north, was called High 
Point. Almost opposite Low Point, on the west bank, is a large flat 
rock, covered with cedars, known as the 

Duyvel's Dans Kammeb. — Here Hendrich Hudson, in his voyage up 
the river, witnessed an Indian pow-wow — the first recorded fireworks 
in a country which has since delighted in rockets and pyrotechnic dis- 
plays. Here, too, in later years, tradition relates the sad fate of a 
wedding-party. It seems that a Mr. Hans Hansen and a Miss Katrina 
Van Voorman, with a few friends, were returning from Albany, and 
disregarding the old Indian prophecy, were all slain: — 

'' For none that visit the Indian's den, 
Eeturn again to the haunts of men , 
The knife is their doom ! O sad is their lot! \ 
Beware, beware of the blood-stained spot!" 

Some years ago this spot was also searched for the buried treasures 
of Captain Kidd, and we know of one river pilot who still dreams semi- 
yearly of there finding countless chests of gold. 

Two miles above, on the east side, we pass New Hamburgh, at the 
mouth of Wappinger's Creek. The name "VTappinger had its origin 
from Wabun, east, and Acki, land. This tribe held the east bank of 
the river, from Manhattan to Boeliffe Jansen's Creek, which empties 
into the Hudson near Livingston, a few miles south of Catskill Station 
on the Hudson Eiver Eailroad. Passing the little villages of Hampton, 
Marlborough, and Milton, on the west bank, and we see on the east 
bank, 

49 



Locust Geove, residence of the late Prof. S. F. B. Morse, inventor of 
the electric telegraph, who for all time will receive the congratulations 
of every civilized nation, and the whole globe is destined one day to 
speak his language. Yes, the islands of the sea, and the people that 
sit afar off in darkness, are beginning to feel the pulses of the world 
through the "still small voice" whispering beneath ocean and river, 
and across mighty continents, "putting a girdle round the earth in 
forty minutes," like the fairy of Midsummer-Night's Dream. 

We now see Blue Point, on the west bank; and, in every direction, 
we have the finest views. The scenery seems to stand, in character, 
between the sublimity of the Highlands and the tranquil dreamy 
repose of the Tappan Zee. It is said that under the shadow of these 
hills was the favorite anchorage of 

The Stoem Ship, one of our oldest and therefore most reliable 
legends. The story runs somewhat as follows . Years ago, when New 
York was a -village — a mere cluster of houses on the point now known 
as the Battery — when the Bowery was the farm of Peter Stuyvesant, 
and the Old Dutch Church on Nassau Street (now used as the post-office) 
was considered the country — when communication with the old world 
was semi-yearly instead of semi-weekly or daily — say one hundred and 
fifty years ago — the whole town one evening was put into great com- 
motion by the fact that a ship was coming up the bay. She approached 
the Battery within hailing distance, and then, sailing against both wind 
and tide, turned aside and passed up the Hudson. Week after week 
and month after month elapsed, but she never returned; and whenever 
a storm came down on Haverstraw Bay or Tappan Zee, it is said that 
she could be seen careening over the waste; and, in the midst of the 
turmoil, you could hear the captain giving orders, in good Low Dutch; 
but when the weather was pleasant, her favorite anchorage was among 
the shadows of the picturesque hills, on the eastern bank, a few miles 
above the Highlands. It was thought by some to be Hendrich Hudson 
and his crew of the "Half Moon," who, it was well known, had once 
run aground in the upper part of the river, seeking a northwest passage 
to China; and people who live in this vicinity still insist that under the 

5° 



calm harvest moon and the pleasant nights of September, they see her 
under the bluff of Blue Point, all in deep shadow, save her topsails 
glittering in the moonlight. Perhaps it was this quiet anchorage that 
gave the name to 

Poughkeepsie, Queen City of the Hudson, — derived from the Indian 
word Apokeepsing, signifying safe harbor. Near the landing is a bold 
rock jutting into the river, known as Kaal Eock, signifying barren 
rock; and perhaps this also furnished a safe harbor or landing-place for 
those days of birch canoes. It is said there are over forty different 
ways of spelling Poughkeepsie, and every year the Post-Office Record 
gives a new one. The first house was built in 1702 by a Mr. Yan Sleek; 
and we believe the State Legislature held a session here in 1777 or 1778, 
when New York was held by the British, and Kingston had been burned 
by Vaughn. Ten years later, the State Convention also met here for 
ratification of the Federal Constitution. (For further historical par- 
ticulars see Barber's Historical Collection of New York, or the State 
Records. ) The city has a beautiful location, and is justly regarded the 
finest residence city on the river; and it is not only midway between 
New York and Albany, but it is also bounded by a historic and poetic 
horizon midway between the Highlands and the Catskills, commanding 
a view of the mountain portals on the south and the mountain overlook 
on the north — the Gibraltar of Revolutionary fame and the dreamland 
of Rip Yan Winkle. The magnificent steamers which ply daily between 
New York and Albany, thirty trains on the best-appointed railroad in 
the country, and fine steamers of home enterprise, make the traveling 
facilities complete. The city has a population of 22,000 inhabitants — 
the largest between the capital and the metropolis. In addition to its 
natural beauty, Poughkeepsie is noted throughout our country for refined 
society, and as a nucleus of the finest schools in our country. 

Just before the river boats land at Poughkeepsie we see upon our 
right, as we come up the river, a large structure, the " Riverview Mili- 
tary Academy." It crowns a fine eminence looking off toward the 
Highlands on the south, and the Catskills to the north and west. It is 
most thoroughly ventilated, and heated by steam throughout. Water 

51 



is accessible on every floor, and the room of each pupil is pleasant and 
commodious. The views are delightful in every direction, as will be 
seen from the cut here given. Mr. Bisbee has met with the most 
marked success in training boys for business, college, for West Point, 
and other military and naval institutions. In fact, he works for an 
education which results in force of character — the true aim of all 
education. 




Riverview Military Academy. 

A wide-awake thorough-going School for Boys wishing to be trained for Business, for College, or 
for "West Point or the Naval Academy, 

OTIS BSSBEE, A. M„ PRINCIPAL AND PROPRIETOR. 

"We would also mention "Vassar College" and " Poughkeepsie 
female Academy," the latter under the rectorship of the Rev. D. G. 
Wright, A. M. It is located in the central part of the city, and has long 
been distinguished for its thoroughness of instruction and carefulness 
of supervision. The buildings are ample and commodious; the rooms 
large, well ventilated, and furnished with regard to taste, convenience, 

52 



and home comfort. The laboratory is furnished with an excellent phil- 
osophical, chemical, and astronomical apparatus. Pupils are carried 
through a collegiate course, or fitted to enter any class in Yassar College. 
For many years this Academy has ranked among the first in our State 
in educational spirit and progress ; and there are few if any places, where 
young ladies acquire a more healthy mental or moral education, a more 
finished and perfect symmetry in the development of mind and heart. 
We present a cut of the Academy on the opposite page. 

Vassar College is not seen from the river, and the Hudson River 
State Hospital for the Insane, a large brick structure, two miles north of 
Poughkeepsie, is often mistaken for it by tourists. If the College had 
been located either north or south of the city, on some commanding site, 
it would have been one of the finest landmarks of the Hudson. Matthew 
Vassar, the founder, accumulated a large fortune as a brewer, and left 
behind him in this stately structure and generous endowment, " a mon- 
ument more lasting than brass." The white building above the dock, is 
the Vassar Brewery. The College is two miles east from the Landing, 
connected with it by horse railroad. 

Eastman Business College is also one of the fixed and solid Institu- 
tions of Poughkeepsie, located in the very heart of the city. It 
has done good work in preparing young men for business, and 
has jn'obably done more to make Poughkeepsie a familiar word 
in every household throughout the land, than all her other Institutions 
combined. It was fortunate for the city that the energetic founder 
of this College selected the central XDoint of the Hudson as the 
place of all others most suited for his enterprise, and equally fortunate 
for the thousand young men who yearly graduate from this Institution, 
as the city is beautifully located and set like a picture amid picturesque 
scenery. Every department of the College is thoroughly organized, and 
the course of training forms a good supplement to every young man's 
education. The mere literary student is often launched upon the sea 
of life with very little knowledge of the practical. The idea of "East- 
man College " is to teach the young man what he needs to Mow. The 
College was never more successful than to-day, and its reputation, like 
the Pacific Railroad, reaches from New York to San Erancisco. 

53 




EASTMAN NATIONAL BUSINESS COLLEGE 
Poughkeepsie, N, Y. 



We also take pleasure in our general description of Poughkeepsie, in 
referring the traveler to the new Hotel, the "Nelson House," opened to 
the public in May, '76. Any city has a right to congratulate itself on 
the possession of a first-class and well managed «* House," and we speak 
with safety the verdict of travelers that this is by far the finest between 
New York and Albany, and ranks with the very best in the Country. 




NELSON HOUSE, POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. (A. P. BLACK, PEOPPJETOE. ) 

[Also proprietor of the Stony Brook House, Palensville, Greene Co., which has recently been 
erected and furnished at an expense of twenty-five thousand dollars. Accommodations 
for one hundred and fifty boarders. Elegant half-mile track, also pedestrian track, 
croquet ground, trout pond, gold-fish pond, catfish and eel pond, and a park superior to 
Central Park — all for the accommodation of the guests.] 

Captain Black is well known for his enthusiasm and courtesy, and for 
doing well whatever lie undertakes. His ambition is to make the ' ' Nel- 
son House" equal to any in the State. The "Nelson " has a pleasant 
location on Market street, the wddest and pleasantest thoroughfare in 
Poughkeepsie, only a short distance from the post-office, telegraj^h 
office, and horse cars. The Collingwood Opera House, one of the very 

54 



finest in the State, is directly opposite. The Library and Y. M. C. A. 
Reading Rooms are also near at hand, free, and open for the public. 

The Poughkeepsie and Eastern R.R. forms a direct route across the 
country, connecting the pleasant valleys of the Harlem, the Housatonic 
and the Connecticut with the Hudson. The drives about Poughkeepsie 
are charming in every direction. On the west is Lake Mohonk and 
Minnewaskie, for which point stages connect on the arrival of the Day- 
boat at Poughkeepsie ; or parties can secure livery of Mr. La Paugh, 
near the landing. The Hyde Park drive is known the world over ; also 
the ride over the South Road to New Hamburg and Fishkill. 

The Poughkeej^sie Bridge, a pier of which will be seen as the steamer 
leaves the dock, will, when completed, connect the Eastern States with 
the coal fields of Pennsylvania, and will form a direct route for Western 
passengers. We clip the following from the map and prospectus : 

"The Hudson River is one of the great natural boundaries dividing 
the United States into grand divisions or sections. The New England 
States, east of the Hudson, including New York City, contain one-seventh 
of the whole population of the United States, and control more than one 
half the manufacturing of the nation. These States are the most active 
and wealthy, and their business interests and capital are nearly equal to 
those of all the rest of the Union. The great crossing places on the 
Hudson, over which now passes all the mighty streams of trade and 
travel between this great section of country and the wider and more rapidly - 
growing West, are but two: one at Albany and Troy, the other at New 
York." 

A description of Poughkeepsie would be incomplete without reference 
to the extensive manufactory of Adriance, Piatt & Co. , which we see near 
the river bank as we approach the landing. . This firm commenced the 
manufacture and sale of the Buckeye Mower, at Poughkeepsie, with 
salesrooms in New York, in 1857 and 1858. The business has increased 
and enlarged in their hands materially, and they have attained such ex- 
cellence in the manufacture of their machines that their reputation is 
world-wide. These products of American skill have been awarded the 
highest honors in Germany, Holland, France, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, 
Italy, Russia, Switzerland and the United States, and are now sold in ev- 
ery part of the civilized globe. 55 



JUNCTION OF 



BROADWAY, FIFTH AVE. AND 24th STEEET, 



]V[ew Yoi'k. 



The Albemarle Hotel. 

On the European Plan, 

Charmingly Situated in the 

most central and most beautiful part 

of New York City. 

^mo^sm for 33aa.2i.3r years -bo Toia-arxs-fes and 

Travelers a.s one of °bh.e "bes-b Kotels 

of "blie Coiiirbry. 




MINNEWASKA MOUNTAIN HOUSE, 
Lake Minnewaska. 

A.. IS.. «fe A. EL SmH-ET, Proprietors. 

On the summit of the Shawangunk Mountains, 7 miles from Lake Mohonk. 



As the steamer leaves Poughkeepsie, we see New Paltz Landing, al- 
most opposite, and Hyde Park, on the East bank, six miles above Pough- 
keepsie. Then Staatsburgh Station, on the east side ; and then Bhine- 
beck, ninety miles from New York. Eondout, or City of Kingston, at 
the mouth of Kondout Creek, is directly opposite Bhinebeck Landing. 
This is the eastern end of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, and the point 
of departure for the 

Oveblook Mountain House, which we can distinguish from the deck 
of the steamer, near the summit of Overlook Mountain. The elevation 
of this hotel is five hundred feet higher than any other on the Catskills, 
or in the State, and the view from the hotel embraces an area of 30,000 
square miles. To the east the valley reaches away with its towns and 
villages to the blue hills of Massachusetts and Connecticut, and through 
this beautiful valley, the Hudson for a hundred milei, is reduced to a 
mere ribbon of light. The house, completed in the Spring of 1878, is 
well furnished, heated by steam, lighted with gas, connected with the out- 
side world by telegraph, and two mails daily. Echo Lake and the pic- 
turesque falls of the Plattekill, are respectively one mile and a-half and 
three miles distant. The traveler will take the Ulster and Delaware 
Road from Eondout to West Hurley, where the pleasant stages of the 
" Overlook" are in waiting for every train. 

Ehtnebeck is two miles from Bhinecliff Landing, and is one of the 
finest towns in Duchess County. It was named, as some say, by com- 
bining two words — Beekman and Ehine. Others say that the word heck 
means cliff, and the town was so named from the resemblance of the cliffs 
to those of the Ehine. 

The De Garmo Institute, at Ehinebeck, Prof. De Garmo Principal and 
Proprietor, is one of the most thorough and complete of Academies, and 
is always full. Its Classical and Scientific Departments are superior. 

Eondout had its derivation from the redoubt that was built on the banks 
of the creek. The creek took the name of Bedoubt Kill, afterward Bun- 
dout, and then Eondout. The old town of Kingston was once called Es- 
opus, on Esopus Creek, which flows north and empties into the Hudson, 
at Saugerties. The Indian name for Kingston was At-kar-karton, (the 
great plot or meadow, on which they raised corn or beans). 

57 



THE CATSEXLLS — BEAUTY. 

" And soon the Catskills print the distant sky, 

And o'er their airy tops the faint clouds driven, 
So softly blending that the cheated eye 
Now questions which is earth or which is heaven." 

We have now approached the fifth division of our river, guarded by 
the most classic range of mountains in our country. By a natural 
ascendancy they have many counties of the Hudson under their juris- 
diction — Ulster, Greene, and Albany, on" the west bank; and Duchess, 
Columbia, and Rensselaer, on the east. 

The first place above Bhinecliff, our last landing, is the village of 

Barrytown, on the east bank, ninety-six miles from New York. It is 
said, when Jackson was President, and this village wanted a post-ofiice, 
that he would not allow it under the name of Barrytown, from personal 
dislike to General Barry, and suggested another name. But the people 
were loyal to their old friend, and went without a post-office until a new 
administration. The name Barrytown, therefore, stands as a monu- 
ment to pluck. The place is known among the old settlers as Lower 
Bed Hook Landing. 

Saugerties. — The first landing above Rhinebeck is at Saugerties. The 
Pier is nearly f of a mile in length, almost as long as the one at Piermont. 
It was completed in the spring of 1877, and " opened up " with an excur- 
sion, the first trip of the Day Boat. The village is about a mile from the 
Landing, a town of about 6,000 inhabitants, the largest in Ulster County. 

Trvoni is almost opposite Saugerties, and connected with it by ferry. 
One of the mansions of the old Livingston family is near the village. 

Geemantown, 105 miles from New York, is on the east side. A short 
distance above, the Boeliffe Jan sens Kill flows into the Hudson. This 
stream, called by the Indians the Sankpenak, was the boundary between 
the Wappingers on the south and the Mohegans on the north. Near 
its mouth is the old Claremont estate — the original Livingston manor. 
Here Pulton's project found special favor, and he was materially aided 
by the sympathy and generosity of Chancellor Livingston. The first 
steamboat on the Hudson made its first trip the early part of September, 

59 



1807, and was called the " Claremont" as a testimonial of gratitude. 
The trip from New York to Albany, in those "good old days," took 
about forty hours (vide Lossing's "Wilderness to the Sea.") 

Catskell Landing is just above the mouth of the Catskill, or Kau- 
terskill Creek. It is said that the Creek and mountains took their name 
from the following fact : It is known that each tribe had a totemic 
emblem, or rude banner ; the Mohegans had the wolf as their emblem, 
and some say that the word Mohegan means the enchanted wolf. 
(The Lenni Lenapes, or Delawares, at the Highlands, had the turkey 
as their totem.) Catskill was the southern boundary of the Mohegans 
on the west bank, and here they set up their emblem. It is said, from 
this fact the stream took the name of the Kaaters-kill. The large cat 
and wolf were at least similar in appearance, from the mark of King 
Aepgin in his deed to Van Eensselaer. Perhaps, however, the moun- 
tains at one time abounded in these animals, and the emblem may be 
only a coincidence. 

Prospect Park Hotel. — The first thing that attracts our attention 
as the steamer nears the landing, is a fine hotel, well known to the 
public through a successful ten years' adminstration — the Prospect 
Park Hotel : L. F. Bogardus, Proprietor. This plateau, two hundred 
and fifty feet above the river, is appropriately named ; for, as you sit on 
the broad piazza which almost surrounds the hotel, you can see to the 
south, the valley of the Hiidson for thirty miles — the "Man in the 
Mountain," and the whole range of the Catskills ; to the north and 
northeast, the Green Mountains of Vermont, and, whichever way you 
look, it seems as if the river lay at your feet. The grounds are twenty 
acres in extent, and are well adapted to the chief design. Guests can 
find either shade, sunshine or quiet. It was first opened in 1870, and 
within these ten years the proprietor has been compelled to enlarge 
it to more than treble its former capacity. The main building is 
now two hundred and fifty feet front, with wing one hundred and fifty 
feet by forty. There are three hundred and seventy feet of two-storied 
piazza, sixteen feet wide, supported by Corinthian pillars twenty -five 
feet high. We think it is safe to say that it is the most airy and cheer- 

60 



/ul hotel on the river bank between New York and Albany. Like 
Aladdin's Palace it sprung up all at once, white and beautiful, and gave 
life, as it were, to the whole landscape. It is one of the few hotels that 
had the good fortune to become prominent all at once; and this popu- 
larity was not accidental, but owing to many causes: its fine location — 
its enchanting views — its splendid management. Moreover, the fresh 
bracing air from the Catskills makes Catskill one of the pleasantest 
places to spend the heat of the summer, or the noontide of the year; 




IRVING HOUSE, H. A. Pekson, Proprietor. 

3?ree Omnibus running from the House to all Boats and Trains. 

and, indeed, a summer tour is not complete unless we pay Catskill 
a visit. Prospect Park stages and carriages meet passengers at the 
landing. 

Catskill Village.— The old village, with its Main Street, lies along 
the valley of the Catskill Creek, not quite a mile from the Causeway 
Landing, and preserves some of the features of the days when Knicker- 
hocker was accustomed to pay it an annual visit. Its location seems to 

61 



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have been chosen as a place of security — out of sight to one voyaging 
up the river. It has, however, grown rapidly during the last few years, 
and the northern slope is covered with fine residences, all of which 
command extensive views of the Hudson. A new hotel, long needed 
in the business part of the village, was built on Main Street in 1871. 
It was appropriately christened the "Irving House," as Catskill owes 
a large part of its present popularity — probably more than it imagines 
— to the pen of "Washington Irving. It is fitted up with all the conve- 
veniences of a first-class hotel, and is kept open during the whole year. 

Catskelij Mountain House. — For miles up and down the river, and 
from almost any point in the six counties we have mentioned as under 
the jurisdiction of the Catskills, we can see the "Mountain House," 
three thousand feet above the river, like a bit of snow left on the moun- 
tains. This hotel is only ten or eleven miles from the landing, and the 
ride from the village is pleasant and romantic. This hotel has been for 
years the favorite summer resort on the river, and its popularity is con- 
tinually on the increase. No European traveler ever thinks of leaving it 
unvisited. The Catskills and Niagara Falls are two points known every- 
where. 

These mountains are, indeed, the glory of the Hudson, and have 
been poetically termed, "the ever-changing legendary Kaatsbergs. " 
They were called by the Indians the Onti-o-ras, or Mountains of the 
Sky, as they sometimes seem like clouds along the horizon. This range 
of mountains was supposed by the Indians to have been originally a 
monster who devoured all the children of the Eed Men, and that the 
Great Spirit touched him when he was going down to the salt lake to 
bathe, and here he remains. "Two little lakes upon the summit were 
regarded as the eyes of the monster, and these are open all the summer; 
but in the winter they are covered with a thick crust or heavy film; but 
whether sleeping or waking, tears always trickle down his cheeks. 
Here, according to Indian belief, was kept the great treasury of 
storm and sunshine, presided over by arj old squaw spirit who 
dwelt on the highest peak of the mountains. She kept day and 
night shut up in her wigwam, letting out only one at a time. She 

63 



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manufactured new moons every month, cutting up the old ones into stars, 
and, like the old JEolus of mythology, shut the winds up in the caverns 
of the hills." A morning view from this cliff will be remembered a life- 
time ; at least we remember, as if it were yesterday, a July morning three 
years ago. We rose at 3.30, at least an hour before 

" Night murmured to the morning, — 
Lie still, oh! love, lie still." 

Patiently we waited the sun's advent, and as the rosy dawn announced 
the morning coming with " looks all vernal and with cheeks all bloom," 
the windows of the Mountain House, one after another, began to reveal 
undreamed visions of loveliness, and it were really difficult to tell which 
had the deeper interest, the sun's rising in the east, or the daughters 
in the west. The rosy clouds of the one, the tender blushes of the 
other; the opening eyelids of the morning, or the opening eyelids of 
innocence ; the bright ambrosial locks hanging far and wide along 
the deep blue chiseled mountain side, or the uncombed ripples whieh, 
like mountain streams receiving additions from other sources, would 
probably become beautiful waterfalls. In four minutes more by solar 
time, and the sun would sprinkle the golden dust of light over the valley 
of the Hudson. The East was all aglow, and, as we stood musing the fire 
burned, yes, brighter and brighter, as if the distant hills were an altar, 
and a sacrifice was being offered up to the G-od of Day. It truly reminded 
one of an Oriental dry-goods store, with costly goods in the show-win- 
dows running opposition to the muslin and dimity-filled window-cases 
in the west. 

Cities and villages below us sprang into being, and misty shapes rose 

from the valley, as if Day had rolled back the stone from the Sepulcher 

of Night, and it was rising transfigured to Heaven. Adown and up the 

river for the distance of sixty miles, sloops and schooners drifted lazily 

along, while below us the little 

" ferry-boats plied 
Like slow shuttles through the sunny warp 
Of threaded silver from a thousand brooks." 

Truly the Oatskills were a fitting place for the artist Cole to gather 
inspiration to complete that beautiful series of paintings, " The Yoyage 

65 



of Life," for no finer mountains in all the world overlook a finer river. 
Irving, in writing of his first voyage up the Hudson, " in the good old times 
before steamboats and railroads had annihilated time and space, and driven 
all poetry and romance out of travel," says: "But of all the scenery 
of the Hudson the Kaatskill Mountains had the most witching effect on 
my boyish imagination. Never shall I forget the effect upon me of the 
first view of them, predominating over a wide extent of country, — part 
wild, woody, and rugged, part softened away into all the graces of cul- 
tivation. As we slowly floated along I lay on the deck and watched 
them through a long summer's day ; undergoing a thousand mutations 
under the magical effects of atmosphere; sometimes seeming to ap- 
proach ; at other times to recede ; now almost melting into hazy distance, 
now burnished by the setting sun, until in the evening they printed 
themselves against the glowing sky in the deep purple of an Italian 
landscape." On preceeding page we presented a cu»t of the Mountain 
House, furnished by Mr. 0. L. Beach, proprietor. This favorite summer 
resort, so justly celebrated for its grand scenery and healthful atmos- 
phere, will be open from June 1st to October 1st. Eeady access may be 
had at all times by Mr. Beach's stages connecting at the village of Oats- 
kill with the Hudson Eiver steamboats and the trains on the Hudson 
River Railroad. Two miles from the hotel are the Kaaterskill Falls. 
The waters fall perpendicularly 175 feet, and afterward 85 feet more. 
A sort of amphitheater behind the cascade is the scene of one of Bryant's 
finest poems : — 

" From greens and shades where the Catterskill leaps 

From cliffs where the wood flowers cling;" 
and we recall the lines which express so beautifully the well-nigh fatal 
dream : — 

"Of that dreaming one 
By the base of that icy steep 

"When over his stiffening limbs begun 

The deadly slumbers of frost to creep. 
* * * # 

There pass the chasers of seal and whale, 

With heir weapons quaint and grim, 
And bands of warriors in glittering mail, 

And herdsmen and hunters huge of limb, 
There are naked arms with bow and spear 

And furry gauntlets the carbine rear 
66 



The Laurel House has a charming location near the brow of the falls, 
and a few steps lead one to the platform and stairs which command a 
view of both the upper and lower falls. There are many points of in- 
terest within an hour's stroll, of a summer afternoon — Haines Falls and 
Sunset Bock. From the rock at sunset we get a view of the entire ex- 
tent of the Oatskill Clove. A musket-shot in the evening wakes the 
echoes, and, perhaps, disturbs the repose of old Hendrick Hudson's 
men, who are supposed to slumber here occasionally. 

From the fine view of the Falls, furnished by the courtesy of the pro- 
prietor of the "Laurel, " the reader will see that the Kaaterskill consists 
of two falls, one almost above the other. This stream is formed by the 
stream which flows from the two lakes and Spruce Creek which unites a 
short distance above the head of the falls. One of the pleasantest walks 
which can be made in this mountain district, we can indicate from per- 
sonal experience. Below the stairs take the path or trial which follows 
the course of the stream, and descend to the regular road, which passes 
through the Clove. There are many fine "outlooks," and one in par- 
ticular on the right of the stream, which the pedestrian will not fail of 
noting which gives the entire view of the fall, and the course of the 
stream which descends rapidly the entire way to the " Clove." 

For further description of these points, and in fact of all places to be 
seen in the Catskills, we refer the reader to the new Catskill Mountain 
Guide and Map, recently published by Mr. Walter Van Loan, of Cats- 
kill Village. It indicates everything that is worth seeing, and the easiest 
way to get there, and is one of the few Guides written of any locality of 
real service to the visitor. It indicates the "Direct path to South Moun- 
tain," the "Path to Kaaterskill Falls," "Sunset Eock, on South Moun- 
tain," "Palenville Outlook or High Eock," "Lovers Eetreat— South 
Mountain," "Sunset Eock and Bears Den, on North Mountain," "Haines' 
Falls," "Stony Clove," etc. 

And we will further say that the Laurel House is central to a large 
part of this scenery, and the Hotel, a fine cut of which is given on the 
opposite page, is under the efficient management of Mr. J. L. Schutt, 
and is one of the most popular in the mountain region ; it will 
accommodate 250 guests. Tourists will find an obliging agent at the 
steamboat landing, and coaches that run direct to the Laurel House. 

67 



About half-way np the mountain is the place said to be the dream- 
land of Eip Van Winkle — the greatest character of American Mythology, 
more real than the heroes of Homer or the massive gods of Olympus. 
And our age has reason to congratulate itself on the possession of Joseph 
Jefierson and John Rogers, who on the stage and in the studio hare 
illustrated to the life this master-piece of Irving. 

The cut here given repesents Rip Van Winkle at home, the favorite 




of the village children. You will remember Irving says, "the children 
of the village would shout with joy whenever he approached, he assisted 
at their sports, made them playthings, taught them to fly kites and 
shoot marbles, and told them long stories of ghosts, witches and 
Indians. Whenever he went dodging about the village he was sur- 
rounded by a troop of them hanging on his skirts, clambering on his 
back and playing a thousand tricks on him with impunity." Two 
others complete the group, Rip Van Winkle on the mountains, and 
Rip Van Winkle returned. As will be seen above, the figure of Rip was 

6 9 




THE KAATERSKILL FALLS, 



modelled from Mr. Jefferson, who sat for his likeness. And as we turn 
away from the Catskills, with their visions of beauty and reality of fic- 
tion, we can only say, don't fail to hear the great actor when opportu- 
nity occurs, don't fail to read again the story of Irving, and don't 
fail to have the finest group of statuary in the world, — price twelve 
dollars each. 

These, with the courtship of Ichabod and Katrina, give an artistic 
delineation of the comic-tragedy and the tragic-comedy of the Hudson. 
A stamp enclosed to John Eogers, 23 Union Square, will procure a fine 
illustrated catalogue and price-list. 

Catskill was for many years the home of Cole, the artist; and the 
new residence of Church will be seen almost opposite, on the east 
bank. 

Hudson, six miles north of Catskill, was founded in the year 1784, 
by thirty persons from Providence, E. I. The city is situated on a 
sloping promontory, bounded by the North and South Bays. Its main 
streets, Warren, Union and Allen, run east and west a little more than 
a mile in length, crossed by Front street, First, Second, Third, etc. 
Main street reaches from Promenade Park to Prospect Hill. The Park 
is on the bluff just above the steamboat landing; we believe this city 
is the only one on the Hudson that has a Promenade ground over- 
looking the river. It commands a fine view of the Catskill Mountains, 
Mount Merino, and miles of the river scenery. The city has always 
enjoyed the reputation of hospitality, and strangers receive a kindly 
welcome. It is the western terminus of the Hudson and Boston Bail- 
road, which passes through Claverack, with its flourishing "Hudson 
River Institute," and Philmont with its fine water power, to Chatham, 
where connections are made with Harlem Extension Railroad for 
Lebanon Springs, and Boston and Albany Railroad for Httsfield. 
Passengers can reach either place the same evening, or remain over 
night and take a fresh start in the morning. The "Worth House," 
about three blocks from the landing or depot, is the best hotel in the 
city. It has a fine location on Warren street, and has long been known 
as one of the very pleasantest and best conducted on the Hudson. Its 
name is associated with the orave General Worth of the Mexican War, 

71 



THE WOBTH HOUSE, 



TTvts Hotel is pleasantly situated 
for summer* travel. 

First-class in all its appointments. 

Jl delightful summer home for* 
Families. 

The surrounding country abounds 
with "beautiful scenery and splendid 
drives. 

Catshill Mountain air prevails. 



All letters should be addressed to 



CHAS. B, MILLER, 

Manager. 



whose fine monument stands in front of the Fifth Avenue Hotel, in New 
York. The Worth House is built on the site of the old building where 
the General was born. Charles B. Miller, Proprietor. 

Columbia White Sulphur Springs. — Only four miles from the city 
of Hudson, is the well-known Columbia White Sulphur Springs, with 
curative reputation second to none in the United States, and we call spe- 
cial attention to the analysis and statement on the opposite page. 

Although but little known prior to the year 1855, at which time the 
late Chas. B 8 Nash, father of the present proprietor, purchased them and 
opened a house for the reception of visitors, the last twenty years have 




COLUMBIA SPRINGS HOUSE.— M. P. NASH, PROPRIETOR. 

given them a national reputation, and persons now come from every part 
of the country, recognizing the fact ' ' that the waters of Pharpa and Ab- 
nah" are not as good as the waters of Columbia. Their medicinal 
properties are testified to by scores of physicians, and hundreds who 
have been benefited and cured. 

The hotel has a fine location, in the midst of a large woodland many 
acres in extent, and we know of no finer place for those requiring repose 
and seeking relief from the excitement of business. It is peculiarly and 
emphatically a place of rest. The atmosphere is pure and bracing, and 

72 



COLUMBIA SPRINGS HOUSE, 

NEAR KCTUIDSOnsr, 3XT "ST. 



M. S 3 . IT ASH, Pro prietor, 
House Enlarged to Accommodate 200 G-uests. 

REFURNISHED, CARPETED AND FRESH FITTINGS THROUGHOUT. 

Spring Beds and Hair Mattresses in every Boom. Three and a-half hours from New York. 
First-clats male white help all through on first floor. Terms, $ J.00 per day, a deduction 
being made for season boarders four or more weeks. 

Telegraph, I.ivery, Billiards, Boating, Music, <fec. 

For Terms, Full particulars, Analysis, &c. Address, 

M. P. NASH, P. o. Box 300, Hudson, N. Y. 

THIS WATER is White Sulphur, and is universally regarded THE BEST COMBINA- 
TION OF HEALTHY INGREDIENTS of any in the Country. 

For all Cutaneous Diseases, Rheumatism. Dyspepsia, General Debility, Loss of Appetite, 
&c, it has no equal. For any Disarrangement of the Stomach or Bowels it works like a charm. 

f^ 3 The House stands on high grounds, surrounded by a beautiful Hickory Grove, and 
is one of the most healthy places in the Country to spend the Summer. 



The following is the Analysis of One Gallon of Water: 

Chloride of Sodium 84.719 grs. 

do Potassa 1.193 

do Magnesia 31.430 

Carbonate of Lime 21. 794 

Sesqui Chloride of Iron 3.418 

Sulphate of Lime 64.941 

Phosphate of Soda 2.140 

Hyposulphate of Soda 8.149 

Loss 814 

218.598 
Hydrosulphuric Acid 4.491 cubic inches. 



LETTER PROM S. H, SMITH, M. D., 35 UNION SQUARE, N. T. 
Mr. M. P. Nash, Esq., 

Dear Sir: — The ferro-calcic Sulphur Water of Columbia Springs is a powerful alterative, 
indicated in cases of metallic poisoning, neuralgia, chronic rheumatism, laryngitis, pharyn- 
gitis, catarrhal affections, diarrhoea, certain cutaneous disorders, and the tendencies to these 
and other chronic ailments. The presence of iron in an unusual form and liberal quantity 
renders this water especially suitable in cases requiring tonic as well as alterative treat- 
ment. I lose no opportunity of praising the place as it deserves. 

Respectfully, 
Aug. 1st, 1876. S. HANBTJRRY SMITH, M. D. 



the County of Columbia is proverbially healthful. There is, moreover, 
a quiet companionship about these old trees, for "To him who, in the 
love of nature, holds communion with their visible forms, they speak a 
various language," a sort of dialect that never wearies you; a gentle 
whispering, punctuated with the song of birds. 

Years ago, when we were students at Claverack, we used to wander 
over the hills to the Springs, and it seemed almost like returning home 
when we recently drove through the pleasant grounds. We cannot speak 
of it with too much enthusiasm, and we are fully satisfied that our warm- 
est praise will be endorsed and applauded by every visitor and guest. 

The drives are charming in every direction. The road from Hudson 
is in sight of the river almost the entire distance, and the drives through 
Claverack and Kinderhook are unrivaled. The Lebanon Springs are of 
easy access by rail ; also the Catskill Mountains by boat or cars to Cats- 
kill. Persons en route for Saratoga and the North, by stopping off one 
train, would find a pleasant drive and a kindly reception at the hands of 
Mr. M. P. Nash. Some time ago we saw an article clipped from the New 
York Evangelist, and we say with them : "Hail Columbia ! " 

Athens is directly opposite Hudson. "An old Mohegan village, known 
as Potick, was located west of Athens. 

After leaving Hudson we pass Stockport on the east side, and Coxsaekie 
on the west, (name derived from Kaak-aki, & place of geese). 

Stuyvesant, ten miles north of Hudson, on the east bank, once known 
as Kinderhook Point. The village of Kinderhook is the finest in Colum- 
bia County, five miles from the landing. 

The villages of New Baltimore and Coeymans are on the west bank. 
Schodack Landing and Castleton on the east. 

Schodack. — The township of Schodack is one of the oldest and pleas- 
antest in the county of Pvensselser, and was the head-centre or capital 
of the Mohegan tribe. It has its origin in the word Schoti, signifying 
fire ; and ack, place ; or the place of the ever-burning council-fire of the 
Mohegan tribe. Here King Aepgin, on the 8th of April, 1680, sold to 
Yan Rensselaer " all that tract of country on the west side of the Hud- 
son, extending from Beeren Island up to Smack's Island, and in breadth 
two day's journey. 



The Mohegan Tbibe originally occupied all the east bank of the 
Hudson north of Boeliffe Jansen's Kill, near Germantown, to the head 
waters of the Hudson; and, on the west bank, from Cohoes to Catskill. 
The town of Schodack was central, and a signal displayed from the hills 
near Castleton could be seen for thirty miles in every direction. After 
the Mohegans left the Hudson, they went to Westenhook, or Housa- 
tonic, to the hills south of Stockbridge; and then, on invitation of the 
Oneidas, removed to Oneida County, 1785, where they lived until 1821, 
when, with other Indians of New York, they purchased a tract of land 
near Fox river, Minnesota. 

The Mourder's Kill flows into the Hudson just above Castleton. The 
Norman's Kill flows into the Hudson a few miles above, on the west side. 
It was called by the Indians the Tawasentha, or "place of many dead." 

Albany. — Its site was called by the Indians Shaunaugh-ta-da, or the 
Pine Plains, a name which we still see in Schenectady. From an old 
book in the State Library, we condense the following description, pre- 
senting quite a contrast to the city of to-day: " Albany lay stretched 
along the banks of the Hudson, on one very wide and long street, par- 
allel to the Hudson. The space between the street and the river-bank 
was occupied by gardens. A small but steep hill rose above the centre 
of the town, on which stood a fort. The wide street leading to the fort 
(now State street) had a Market-Place, Guard-House, Town Hall, and an 
English and Dutch Church, in the centre." 

Tourists and travelers will be amply repaid in visiting the new Capitol 
Building at the head of State street. It is open from nine in the morn- 
ing until six in the evening. When completed it will be larger than 
the Capitol at "Washington, and will probably cost more than any 
structure on the American continent. The staircases, the grand corri- 
dors, the Hall of Bepresentatives, and the Court of Appeal Boom (now 
used for the Senate Chamber) attest the wealth and greatness of the 
Empire State. The traveler up State street will note the beautiful 
and commanding spire of "St. Paul." The Cathedral is also a grand 
structure. The population of Albany is now about 80,000, and its 
growth is due to three causes : First, the capital was removed from New 

74 



STAMIX HILL ALBAM J.Y. 




3 t. 



UNDER NEW MANA GEMENT. 

The STANWixis located directly opposite the New York Central and Hudson River and 
Boston and Albany Passenger Station, and is only one block from the Rensselaer and 
Saratoga, Boston, Hoosac Tunnel and Western, Delaware and Hudson Ca v nal Co.'s Railway 
lines Station, and less than ten minutes' walk to People's Line and Day Line Steamboats. 

Connecting by Horse Cars every ten minutes and Omnibuses on arrival of Boats. 

Its central location, being the nearest first-class Hotel to Railroads and Steamboats and 
the mercantile interests, makes it the most convenient and accessible Hotel in the City. 

ROOMS WITH OR WITHOUT BOARD. 

Rates— $1.00 per day and upward, for Rooms. 

Rates for Board and Rooms— $2 50 and $3.00 per day. 

Special rates will be made for largo parties and permanent guests. 



OEBBA aUACKENBUSH, Manager. 



York to Albany in 1798. Then followed two great enterprises, ridiculed 
at the time by every one as the Fulton Folly and Clinton's Bitch — in other 
words, steam navigation, 1807, and the Erie Canal, 1825. Its name, as 
we said before, was given in honor of the Duke of Albany, although it 
is still claimed by some of the oldest inhabitants that, in the golden age 
of those far-off times, when the good old burghers used to ask for the 
welfare of their neighbors, the answer was always "All bonnie," and 
hence the name of the hill-crowned city. 

And now, while waiting to "throw out the plank," which puts a pe- 
riod to our Hudson Eiver Division, we feel like congratulating ourselves 
that the various goblins which once infested the river have become civ- 
ilized, that the winds and tides have been conquered, and that the nine- 
day voyage of Hendrich Hudson and the " Half Moon " has been reduced 
to the nine-hour system of the " Albany " and the " Yibbard." 

Those who have traveled over Europe will certainly appreciate the 
quiet luxury of an American steamer; and this first introduction to 
American scenery will always charm the tourist from other lands. 
Three years ago it was my privilege to visit some of the rivers and lakes 
of the old world, well known in song and story, but I imagine that no 
single day's journey in any land or on any stream can present such vari- 
ety, interest, and beauty, as the trip of one hundred and forty-four miles 
from New York to Albany. The Hudson is indeed a goodly volume, 
with its broad covers of green lying open on either side; and it might 
in truth be called a condensed history, for there is no place in our 
country where poetry and romance are so strangely blended with the 
heroic and the historic, — no river where the waves of different civiliza- 
tions have left so many waifs upon the banks. It is classic ground, 
from the " wilderness to the sea," and will always be 

THE POETS' CORNER OP OUR COUNTRY; 

the home of Irving, Willis, and Morris, — of Fulton, Morse, and Field, 
— of Cole, Audubon, and Church, — and scores besides, whose names 
are Household Words. 

7 e 



FROM ALBANY TO PITTSFIELD. 

One of the pleasantest trips from Albany for the traveler or tourist, is 
via Boston and Albany Eailroad through the pleasant towns of Schodack. 
Kinderhook, Chatham and Canaan, to 

Pittsfield, which occupies the centre of the panorama of hills encir- 
cling the county of Berkshire. The county lies upon a grand plateau, 
having an average height of over 1,000 feet, and around this plateau rise 
hills of an average altitude of 1,800 feet above tide-water, or 800 feet 
above the park at Pittsfield. Greylock bounds the northern view, 3,505 
feet above the level of the sea, the highest point in Massachusetts. The 
various branches of the Housatonic Biyer here unite, filling the town 
with a network of "braided brooks," and there are besides, six beautiful 
lakelets, Onota, Pontoosuck, Bichmond, Melville, Silver and Goodrich. 

The town was first permanently settled in 1752, as the plantation of 
Pontoosuck, taking its name from that of the district, which means the 
"haunt of the winter deer," it being the favorite hunting-ground of the 
Mohegan Indians in winter. It was incorporated in 1761, by the name of 
Pittsfield, in honor of the great English Statesman who had been earnest 
in defending it against the French and Indians. 

"We recently came across a very readable book, "Taghconic — The Bo- 
man ce and Beauty of the Hills " — published last year, and we felt well 
paid in reading carefully its 373 pages. The article on the "Village 
Green," "Pontoosuc Lake," and "Perry's Peak," should be read by 
every visitor to Pittsfield. The description of the charming landscapes 
about Williamstown, and the views about "Greylock Hall," show that 
the writer had his heart in his work. On a following page we have ven- 
tured a description of our own, but we assure the reader that the full 
knowledge of this beautiful resort of the Berkshires is only to be ob- 
tained by personal visit. But to return to Pittsfield. 

The "Maplewood Institute for Young Ladies " has a classic location, 
with grounds famous for their wealth of adornment and beauty. We 
present views in them furnished by our friends the principals. The 
institution has been known for nearly forty years, throughout New En- 
gland and the entire country, as one of the most thorough and prosper- 
ous of its class. Among the first to provide for and give i^rominence to 

17 



gymnastic training and to afford ample cabinets and apparatus, it lias 
done its work for a generation and is still doing it, in methods now much 
vaunted as novel and unheard of. The superiority of its advantages in 
music and drawing has long made it a resort for pupils ambitious for spe- 
cial culture in these branches. It has also recently instituted a course of 
study preparatory for admission to the most exacting of our colleges, 
besides its own regular collegiate course. One of the large buildings of 
the Institute has been specially fitted for summer guests, and its rooms 

f 




MAPLE AVENUE, MAPEEWOOD, PITTSFTELD, MASS. 

have for several seasons been so crowded that last year a large wing was 
added and also filled. The place is now widely and most favorably 
known as "Maplewood Hall," and will, no doubt, be filled the coming 
season under the management of Mr. A. E. Mathes, known to hosts 
of former friends as the proprietor of the Madison Square Family 
Hotel. 
Pittsfield has now a population of 14,000, and is well known to thebu- 

78 



siness world, as it contains within its limits one of the oldest and safest 
Life Insurance Companies, viz.: the "Berkshire." They have a fine 
Building in the centre of the town, fire-proof, and the Company is as 
solid as the structure. 

Pittsfield is not only the centre of wealth and refinement, and sugges- 
tive of the names, -Bryant, Holmes and Longfellow, but also centrally lo- 
cated to points of interest, to wit : Monument Mountain, Greylock, the 
Hoosac Tunnel, Lebanon Springs, etc., and many places of interest, all 




MAPLE WOOD GROUNDS. 

within easy drive. In fact, the pleasantest drive we have had for many 
a day, was " In the leafy month of June," from Pittsfield to Lebanon 
Springs, at the invitation of Mr. James W. Hull. The mountain road was 
a little rough, but like Chaucer's Canterbury Pilgrims, we beguiled the 
way with poetry of the olden time, until there suddenly burst upon us a 
vision of beauty, equal to anything which Chaucer or Spencer ever dream- 
ed — the County of Columbia at our feet, reaching away to the Catskills. 

79 



GEEYLOCK HALL, WILLIAMSTOWN, MASS. 

Greylock Hall, at the Sand Springs in Williamstown, Massachusetts, 
located in one of the most picturesqae spots in the romantic valley of the 
Hoosac, has within a few years come to rival the most popular of the 
older watering places of a similar character. This is due in perhaps 
equal proportion to the singular combination of beauty and grandeur in 
the neighboring region, to the curative power of the waters and the wood- 
land air, and to the excellence of the Hall as a Summer Hotel. North-west 
of Greylock, and north of the village and colleges of Williamstown, the 
valley expands into a bay-like opening among the mountains, which, as 
it is approached from different points presents varied aspects, all of them 
charming the spectator by their novel effects and bold graces. Far up 
this expansion upon a gentle slope, half wood, half Jawn — among hills 
which, a little way back grow to be mountains, stands the Hall outlining 
the dark background by its cheerful colors, and in the fashionable season 
by its brilliant display of animated life. 

Very striking and pleasing is that strong contrast of glad human life 
with the almost primeval solitude in which it is set. 

Unlike the neighboring forests, the near groves are mostly of pine with 
little or no undergrowth, affording delightful and unobstructed rambles 
as well as cool and pleasant shades for the dance and other amusements 
for which ample preparation is made. 

A mountain trout-stream winds through the groves and lawns uniting 
a short distance below with the Hoosac river, which, a little way further 
on offers excellent facilities for boating on the course just improved by the 
Williams College students, by the munificence of Cyrus W. Field. By the 
bye, thecolleges, just far enough off to be good neighbors, offer a pleasant 
visit to the guests of the hall whenever they may weary of their own round 
of pleasures; while the drives among scenes of natures loveliness are 
varied by excursions to the Hoosac Tunnel, the curious manufactories at 
North Adams, and other interesting objects which abound in Northern 
Berkshire. The waters of the Sand Springs have a uniform temperature 
of 74° F. by analysis, and have the same general character as those of 
Lebanon Springs, Columbia Co. , N. Y., but in their specific effects they 
resemble and rival the famous Missisquoi Springs of Vermont, being re- 
markably beneficial in rheumatic and cutaneous disorders. The neigh- 
boring people tell of marvellous cures performed by bathing in the wa- 
ters before they became famous. They were first brought into note by 
Dr. Charles Bailey, a t successful Pittsfield Physician who had tested them 
on several of his patients with the happiest results. Full provision is 
made for their use, either bathing or internally. Greylock Hall is a spa- 
cious building, furnished with all the luxuries of modern hotels. . It has 
165 feet frontage, is four stories high, and will accommodate 250 guests. 
The views from its windows and balconies are simply superb. 

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DELAWAEE AND HUDSON CANAL COMPANY. 

Albany and Susquehanna Department. — There are few railroads in 
our country that possess for so many miles such variety and interest as 
the Albany and Susquehanna. All the way from Albany to Binghamton 
the hills and valleys, the streams, rivulets, and rivers form a succession 
of beautiful landscapes, framed in the moving panorama of a car window. 
The railroad follows the valleys of three streams — the Schoharie, the 
Cobleskill, and the Susquehanna. 

Leaving Albany we pass through the little villages and stations of 
Adamsville, Slingerlands, New Scotland, Guilderland, Knowersville, 
Duanesburgh, Quaker Street, Esperance, and come to Central Bridge, 
thirty-six miles from Albany, the junction with the branch road for 
Schoharie Court-House and Middleburgh. Schoharie village, the county 
seat, is situated on Schoharie Flats. First settlement made in 1711. 
Population about fifteen hundred. The old stone church, erected in 
1772, is now used as an arsenal. Three miles from Central Bridge, or 
thirty-nine miles from Albany, is the celebrated 

Howe's Cave, discovered on the 22d May, 1842, by Lester Howe. 
In interest and extent it is second only to the great Mammoth Cave of 
Kentucky, and presents, in truth, a new world of beauty, with arches 
and walls reaching away for miles, of which perhaps the half is only 
discovered. Among the prominent points of interest in the cave are 
the following, as named by Mr. Howe: — 

"Beception, or Lecture Boom," "Washington Hall," "Bridal 
Chamber," (temperature 48 deg. Fah.), where many have been nup- 
tually tied, including the two daughters of the discoverer; "The 
Chapel," some forty feet high; "Harlequin Tunnel," " Cataract Hall," 
" Ghost Boom, or Haunted Castle," "Music Hall," " Stygian, or Crystal 
Lake." At the foot of the lake there are several gas-burners, giving 
the visitor a beautiful view of that portion of the cave and lake, and the 
side grotto near by. From thence visitors proceed by boats across the 

8o 



lake to "Plymouth Bock," and from thence continue the journey to 
the "Devil's Gateway," " The Museum," " Geological Booms," "Uncle 
Tom's Cabin," " Giants' Study," " Pirates' Cave," " Bocky Mountains," 
1 'Valley of Jehoshaphat, " " Winding Way, ' ' and ' ' Botunda. ' ' There are 
the usual formations, known as "Stalagmites " and " Stalactites," many 
of them singular in form and variety. In Washington Hall are two, 
named " Lady Washington's Hood "and " Washington's Epaulet;" and 
beyond these are "The Harp," and numberless others. At the head 
and foot of the lake there are two large stalagmites, the former large 
enough to fill the entire body of the cave, which has made it necessary 
to excavate an artificial passage around it. These are among the most 
wonderful formations in the cave, and of particular interest to the geo- 
logical and scientific student. 

We are only able to mark out the route in this hasty manner. To 
speak of all the objects of interest would draw us aside from the pur- 
pose of a general guide. The " Cave House" is a fine hotel, recently 
erected at the mouth of the cave, and the wants of the tourist and ex- 
plorer will be carefully attended to. Every one should visit Howe's 
Cave, and see these real Arabian Night beauties, so near the capital of 
the Empire State. 

The next station is Cobleskill, forty-five miles from Albany. This 
rich and fertile valley was called by the Indians Ots-ga-ra-ga. The 
village is thriving and flourishing. Smith's "National Hotel" is one 
of the best on the route, and decidedly the best in the place. This is 
also the junction of the Cherry Valley Branch, which passes through 
Hyndsville, Seward, and Sharon Springs. 

Shahon Spkings, once the rival of Saratoga, is located in a valley on a 
MIL The streets are well shaded, and the Sulphur Water is well known 
for its medicinal qualities. The largest hotel is the Pavilion, and the 
pleasantest, near the depot, is known as Feather's Hotel. The next station 
to Sharon is Cherry Valley, a pleasant town in the north-east corner of 
Otsego Co., and from this point a stage connects with Bichfield Springs. 
Beturning to Cobleskill, we pursue our route westward on the main line 

82 



of the Albany and Susquehanna. We pass through Richmondville, lying 
in a valley on onr left, East Worcester, Worcester, Schenevus and Mary- 
land, to the junction of the Oooperstown and Susquehanna Valley Rail- 
road for 

Oooperstown, one of the pleasantest villages in New York, and one of 
the classic points of our country. It is situated on the shore of Otsego, 
a beautiful lake worthy of being the fountain head of the bright flowing 
Susquehanna. The lake is said to be about 1,200 feet above the sea. 
Like Lake Mahopac, it is literally surrounded with beauty; and like 




GENERAL VIEW OF RICHFIELD SPRINGS, N. Y. 

Irvington or Tarrytown, Oooperstown is one of the literary Meccas of 
our country, and, by all means, the place to read the works of Cooper. 
The principal hotels are the Cooper House, a summer hotel, 80 feet above 
the lake, with a park of seven acres, and the Hotel Fenimore, open the 
entire year, with a fine location in the central part of the village, near the 
lake, and one of the finest in our State. 

Richfield Springs. — The route to this popular resort, via Coopers- 
town and Otsego Lake, is one of the most charming, romantic and de- 

83 



lightful of any trip designated in our Guide, and the village and surround- 
ings of Richfield are worthy of the increasing tide of visitors. Of course 
persons in a hurry will take a Drawing-Room Coach at the New York 
Central Depot, via Utica, and arrive at Richfield Springs in eight hours ; 
but a little steamboating and coaching — ten miles via the Natty Bumppo 
steamer, and six or seven miles by stage — give variety to the route. 

Richfield Springs is situated on an elevated plateau two thousand feet 
above tide water, and has all the requisites of health and beauty, sur- 
rounded by mountains and lakes on every hand. 

Canadarago Lake is about three-fourths of a mile directly south from 




VIEW OF CANADARAGO LAKE. 

the Springs, five miles long, and one and a-half miles wide, surrounded 
by wood-covered mountain ranges, and abounding in excellent fish. The 
drives around and to the different lakes that gem the mountains, and 
along the streams that braid the valleys, often detain the casual visitor ; 
for Mr. Seward expressed something besides poetry in prose in his ora- 
tion of July 4th, 1840, when he said: "I have desired to see for myself 
the valleys of Otsego, through which the Susquehanna extends his arms 
and entwines his fingers with the tributaries of the Mohawk, as if to di- 
vert that gentle river from its allegiance to the Hudson." 

8 4 



The Spuing House, the largest hotel, has a fine location in the midst 
of a beautiful park, tastefully laid out -with flower beds. The hotel has 
accommodations for six hundred guests, and is under the efficient man- 
agement of T. E. Proctor, of the Baggs^Hotel, Utica N. Y. The famous 
Sulphur Spring is on the grounds of the Spring House. 




SPRING HOUSK PARK. 

In our detour from the main line of the Albany -end Susquehanna Rail- 
road, we have omitted to mention that the Albany and Susquehanna after 
leaving the Cooperstown and Richfield Branch, passes south-west through 
Collier's andEmmons', to Oneonta, one of the most stirring villages on the 
route. The next station is Otego. From this point stages connect with 
the pleasant village of Franklin, passing through Well's Bridge, Unadil- 
la, Sidney, (with its branch road to Delhi), Afton, and Harpersville, we 
come to the Tunnel, 127 miles from New York. Then passing through 
Osborn Hollow and Port Crane, we come to Binghamton, and complete 
the equilateral triangle — New York, Albany, and Binghamton. It is a 
flourishing city of 16,000 inhabitants, and has complete railway connec- 
tions with the Erie, the Delaware Lackawanna and Western, and Syracuse 
and Binghamton Railways. The best Hotel is the "Spaulding House." 

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TO THE THOUSAND ISLANDS AND NIAGAKA FALLS. 

Leaving Albany we pass through Schenectady, Fonda, Palatine Bridge, 
Little Falls, Herkimer, and Hion, to Utica. 

Little Falls is a flourishing village, seventy-four miles from Albany, 
and is situated in the wildest and most romantic part of the Mohawk 
Valley. 

Ilion is a pleasant village, and will interest the tourist and traveler as 
the place where the celebrated Bemington fire-arms are manufactured. 
Some months ago we were kindly shown through these extensive works, 
and we take pleasure in calling the attention of the reader to their busi- 
ness announcement on the opposite page. 




KEMINGTOX AEMORT.-E. EEMINGTON & SONS, Ilion, N. Y. 

Utica — the first express station — ninety-five miles from Albany. This 
in continental days, was the site of old Fort Schuyler, and now one of 
the most flourishing towns in Central New York. It is the landing-place 
for Trenton Falls and Kichfield Springs. The attractions in and about 
Utica will well repay an extended visit. 

The Utica and Black Btver Batlroad, from Utica to Clayton, has 
opened up a route to the North Woods, and the Thousand Islands of the 
St. Lawrence, making this one of the pleasantest routes to this attractive 

86 



THE 




Everywhere taown and prefer 

^kill and fidelity in manufacture^ 
I asteful and excellent improvements, 

tlegant variety of designs, 
■ ielding unrivaled tones. 

Address for Illustrated Catalogue, 

J- ESTEY Sc 00. 3 

BRATTLEBORO, VT. 



country. Persons on the way to Trenton Falls or Bickfield Springs will 
find Baggs' Hotel (a cut of which is here given), by far the pleasanfcest 
and most convenient. It has long been known as the best in Utica, or 
on the line of the Central Railroad. Tourists who fail to connect with 
trains, or who wish to rest a few hours in comfort, will find themselves 
in the hands of courteous and gentlemanly proprietors. Mr. Proctor 
of New York, and Mr. Chamberlain of the Delavan House, Albany, and 
the Clarendon Saratoga Springs. It is only a few steps from the 
station, and does away with an Omnibus, that last relic of barbarism:. 




baggs' hotel. 
T., R. Proctor, Proprietor. 
Trenton Falls.— Taking the Utica and Black River Railroad, six- 
teen miles bring us to Trenton Falls, one of the most charming and 
romantic summer resorts on the continent. For the last ten years we 
have heard of these beautiful waterfalls, located in what Willis has 
styled an " alcove," aside from the main line of travel, " fifteen miles 
at right angles from the general procession, a side scene out of ear- 
shot from the crowd," but it was not until the middle of June, 1874, 
that £ood fortune conducted us thither, and led us by the hand from 
rock to rock, from cascade to waterfall, through all that realm of en- 
chanting beauty. The hotel, a short distance from this mountain glen, 

87 



is a model of summer resorts, and its proprietor, Mr. M. Moore, is an 
educated gentleman. The first rural resort of this place was built by- 
Mr. John Sherman, a graduate of Yale, 1793. Hither some forty years 




SHERMAN FALL. 



ago Mr. Moore, present proprietor, came like Hiawatha of old, and 
found his Minnehaha, great grand-daughter of Roger Sherman, a line 
more illustrious even than the tribe of the Dakotahs. It is said that on 
his return to Manhattan he was not unmindful of the vision, and always 
heard the Falls of Trenton 

" Calling to him through the distance^ 

Calling to him from afar off." 

So much for his personal history, which we only mention as evidence 
that fiction is but the shadow of truth. We arrived at Trenton a little 
before six, and at once descended the stairs to the natural pavement, 
which for two miles, level with the water's edge, borders the left side 
of the stream. This is the pleasantest hour of the day for lonely ram- 
bles like these, and the falling water at eventide has all the melody 
of sadness. Passing a few rods up the stream, over fossil formation 
which recount fifty million years of history, and under overhanging 
rock, every leaf of whose folds has been a recording page for science, 
we suddenly come in full view of Sherman Pall. Here, it is said, a 
fairy (perhaps great grand-daughter of Undine) occasionally dances 
through the mist "modestly retiring as the visitor changes his posi- 
tion, and blushing all colors when she finds him gazing at her irised 
beauties." The Fall has been poetically styled by Mrs. Kemble, 

" The daughter of heaven and earth, 

With dark eyes, white feet, and amber hail. ' 

In no place, save the northern Highlands of Scotland, have we seen 
such amber foam, and such dark headlong flow of river. The arrowy 
Rhone is not swifter, the Falls of Foyers are not so beautiful. High 
Falls are forty rods beyond, a succession of lovely cascades, one over 
forty feet in height. Here we have the whole organ choir, from tne 
tenor and treble of the sheet of water on the right, to the deep bass of 
the heavy fall on the left. Above this, the Mill Dam Fall and the 
Alhambra with its cascade, and still further on the Rocky Heart, a 
good spot for lovers to propose in by way of contrast. We can only 
point out these beauties in a general way. Even the guide book of 
N. P. Willis, the poet of descriptive language, fails to do Trenton Falls 
justice, although it is a model handbook of its kind. It is a place to 



be visited. Go! Pursuing our journey up the Black River Railroad we 
pass through Prospect to Boonville, a nourishing village thirty-five 
miles from Utica. Here are good hotels, and large numbers annually 




visit Old Forge and Moose Lakes, the best Sporting grounds of the 
Adirondacks. Lyons Fall, forty six miles from Utica, is a wild romantic 
and much frequented spot. The High Falls (glimpses of which are 
seen from the train,) are weli worth visiting. We now pass 30 miles 
through the beautiful valley of the Black River to 

LowvtlijE, sixty miles from Utica, one of the most beautiful villages in 
northern New York, noted for its fine drives, shady walks, and excellent 
hotels. From this point it is only 18 miles to Fentons, a good hotel in 
the famous John Brown's Tract, where sportsmen and tourists can voy- 
age in boats scores of miles through rivers and beautiful lakes in the 
very heart of an unbroken wilderness. The Low vi lie Mineral Springs, 
are only one mile from the station. 

Cabthage, with its celebrated water power is seventy-four miles from 
Utica. Here the traveler can turn aside to 

Wateetown, a city of great manufacturing interest, beautifully laid out 
and containing elegant residences. Sackett's Harbor is only 12 miles 
from Watertown, one of the oldest places in the State. Pursuing the 
direct route to the Thousand Islands, the tourist passes through Phila- 
delphia to Clayton, where Steamers connect for 

Alexandkia Bay. — For all other points of the route we refer the 
reader to the fine map of the Utica and Black River R. R., printed on the 
back of the Hudson River map in this Guide — also an advertising page 
which sets forth briefly the main features of the route. Alexandria Bay 
is in our opinion the finest point of the Thousand Islands, and we have 
no brighter remembrance, or experience, than our Yachting and Boat 
experience at the Crossmon House. This Hotel has two fine steam 
pleasure Yachts, which make two trips daily between the Crossmon and 
Brockville a model Canadian town 24 miles down the river, a delightful 
portion of the river scenery. The " Centennial " Hall on the Hotel 
Pleasure Grounds, is also something new, and will furnish Pleasure 
Seekers, with luxuries and necessities. The Thousand Islands, 1800 in 
reality, extend about forty miles, and vary in size from a few feet in 
diameter to three hundred acres. Vie present a view of one of the finest 
on the following page, "Nobby Island. " In the summer of 1873 we lingered 
for three days in this fairy land, ( owned by Mr. Henry R. Heath and 
Charles S. Goodwin of New York,) and full of "poetry," we thought 

9* 



of Miranda, although she wasn't along ; of Enoch Arden ; Alexander 
Selkirk ; Helen Douglas, and twenty other island homes. 

There is probably no river or lake in the world more romantic and 
delightful than this section of the St. Lawrence; and we imagine these 
islands furnish a good foundation for a rural Venice. During the sum- 
mer of 1872, President Grant and family, General Phil. Sheridan, &c, 
were domiciled nearest neighbors to Nobby Island. 




NOBBY ISLAND. 

The Crossmon House is the pleasantest, best kept, and most popular 
hotel at Alexandria Bay, in fact the pleasantest on the St. Lawrence 
river from Lake Ontario to Montreal. It has accomodations for over 
300 guests, is lighted throughout with gas, supplied with pure river 
water ( as poetic as that of Lake Katrine, which supplies the city of 
Glasgow,) with electric bells, and admirably finished from rocky foun- 
dation to mansard roof. The excellence of its table has been known 
for 30 years, when it was only a fishing resort "A cottage by the Bay." 
Tom Moore's Canadian Boat Song "Bow Brothers row," and several 
minor poets have localized many an island, from "Harts," to the 
"Devil's Oven." 

92 



The Favorite Koute for Fashionable Pleasure Travel, 

UTICA & BLACK RIYER RAILROAD. 

The only all Rail Eoute to the Thousand Islands, 

AlfD SHORTEST AND QUICKEST ROUTE FROM EASTERN POINTS 

TO ALL POINTS IN 

NORTHERN NEW YORE, THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE & CANADA, 

CONNECTING AT 

CLAYTON, ALEXANDRIA BAY, BROCKVILLE AND PRESCOTT,, 
With the JIoyal ^VLail L,ine op jSteamef^s fof^ ^Montreal, &c., 

Passing the Thousand Islands and Rapids of the Eiver St. Lawrence 
BY DA-YMGiHT. 

For Description of "Route, see pases 97, 98, 99, &c., of this Guide. 
For Map and Connections,, see pages on the back of Hudson Eiver Map. 
Wagner Sleeping Car attached to train, leaving Grand Central Depot New York, at 
8:30 p..m.; Albany 1:50 a. m.; arriving at Watertown 9:20 a. m. ; Clayton 10:00 a. m.; Alexan- 
dria Bay 10:00 a. m.; Ogdensburg 11 a. m. Breakfast, Lowville, 7:30 a. m. 
Time by this train, New York to Alexandria, 14 f hours, or over 3 hours 
quicker than via any other route. 

THREE THROUGH EXPRESS TRAINS LEAVE UTICA DAILY. 

Only route connecting with Special Chicago and Second Pacific Express Trains. The 
fastest and best trains on N. Y. C. and H. R. R. R. Twenty miles the shortest; 1)4 to 3% 
hours quickest route to Clayton and Alexandria Bay from New York, Albany, Boston, etc. 

NO CHANGE QF GARS BETWEiN UTIGA AND CLAYTON. 

WAONEB'SPALACE SLEEPING CARS RUN THROUGH WITH- 

OUT A1VV CHANGE Oift BE!.A¥, BETWEEN 

NEW YORK AND CLAYTON (Thousand Tslands.) 

This Route is noted for its magnificent Scenery, including the Wonderful 
TOMTOM JTAXJUB AM© &¥ ©Mi 8 lUUUbf. 

Through Tickets, via this Line, to all points in 

NORTHERN NEW YORK AND CANADA. 

ALSO, EXCURSION TICKETS TO 

CLAYTON, ALEXANDRIA BAY, OR MONTREAL 

AND RETURN, AT REDUCED RATES, 

Can he obtained at all principal Railway ticket offices, and at the office 
of the Day Line, or People's Line Steamers, in New York. 

IF YOU CANNOT GET THROUGH TICKETS, BUY TO UTICA ONLY. 

THE0. BUTTERFIELD, J. F. MAYNARD, ^ 

Gen'l Passenger Agent, Utica, N. Y. General Superintendent. 



Beturning to Utica from our pleasant excursion to Trenton Falls and 
the Thousand Islands, we resume our western route, passing through 
Eome, Oneida, Chittenango and Manlius, to 

Syracuse, 148 miles from Albany, the most nourishing and enterpris- 
ing city of Central New York. The Vanderbilt House, a cut of which 
is here given, is the finest hotel in the city. Mr. O. E. Allen, its popu- 
lar proprietor, has made improvements during the last winter which 
makes the "Vanderbilt" as complete as any -hotel on the line of the N. 
Y. Central — elevator, electric bells, and everything complete. It can 
now be said that Syracuse has a hotel worthy of the city. ., 




VANDERBILT HOUSE, O. E. ALLEN, PROPRIETOR. 

Syracuse is the centre of the salt interest of the State. The principal 
railroad connections are with Binghamton and Oswego. Here also the 
New York Central Eailroad diverges, familiarly known as the old and 
new roads; the old road passes through Geneva, connecting with steamer 
for Watkins' Glen; the new road passes through Clyde, Lyons, and Pal- 
myra, meeting again at 

Kochester, 229 miles from Albany, the finest city of Western New 
York, and, in many particulars, the finest in the State. As we come 
into the city we cross the Genesee river, just above the Genesee Falls, 
where Sam Patch made the last extempore effort of his life. The Genes- 

94 



see has a fine water power, and the Falls once furnished successful inspi- 
ration to one of Daniel Webster's celebrated speeches. The best hotel 
is the "Osburn House," centrally located, a cut of which is here given. 
It has been known for many years to the public as the very best hotel in 
the State, as to convenience of arrangement, the care and cuisine of table 
and general hospitality. In the hands of Messrs. Buck & Sanger it has 
a reputation second to none from New York to Chicago. 




OSBUKN HOUSE, ROCHESTER, N. Y., Buck & Sanger, Proprietors. 

Passing through Brockport, Albion, Medina, and Lockport, we come to 
Suspension Bridge, 304 miles from Albany, the first great enterprise 
of the New World; for, without being personal, there was certainly "a 
great gulf fixed " between the United States and Canada, until one day 
a little kite-string drew a wire across the chasm, and the wire grew and 
multiplied until the spider-like art hung a thousand tons in equipoise. 
Two miles now bring us to 
Niagara Falls, and, making our way through throngs of porters and 

95 



carriages, we soon find ourselves safely and quietly located in the pleas- 
ant rooms of the "International," — appropriately named, for scenery 
like Niagara, even if Canada were a part of our country, could never 
belong to one nation or people. It is International. It belongs to the 
world. We regret that we have not one of the new cuts of the "Inter- 
national " for our Guide Book, but in lieu of a better one, we present 




THE INTERNATIONAL} 
HOTEL COMPANY f 



ALVA CLUCK, 

« 

MANAGER. 



I 



CLUCK. 
S. WARE. 
K. DELANO. 



the one that we have. It is now under the management of the Interna- 
tional Hotel Company, and has been thoroughly refitted and refurnished. 
It is built entirely of stone, rendering its rooms, which are unusually 
large and spacious, and well ventilated, delightfully cool during the sum- 
mer months. It has three stairways and an elevator leading from every 
floor, thus affording ample, egress in the event of fire. It is furnished 

9 6 



with all modern improvements, and from many of the rooms an exten- 
sive view of Niagara may be obtained. 

No more delightful spot can be imagined than Niagara in summer. 
The cooling breezes caused by the rushing water, the shady groves, the 
mighty cataracts, render this favorite resort the most refreshing and de- 
lightful spot where the debilitating months of summer may be passed. 
One thing is true — a week at Niagara is none too long. Do not rush 
through it in a day, Study it slowly and learn it well. 

We also take pleasure in introducing the Spencer House to our read- 
ers, well known to Niagara visitors by many years of successful manage- 
ment. It has received from all parties the highest testimonials for ex- 




tl.Y.BUBEAU OF ILLUSTRATION -BUFFN.O- 

SPENCER HOUSE. 
A. CLUCK, PROPRIETOR. 



treme neatness and excellence of table. Charles Dickens said he got the 
best roast beef here that he had found since leaving England. In fact, 
the hotel has been singularly fortunate in receiving encomiums from 
distinguished travelers. Wilkie Collins remarked, "it was not a hotel, 
but a home ; " and Clara Louisa Kellogg testifies to the excellence of 
the viands by always remaining over a day whenever she is in the vi- 
cinity of the falls. 



97 



Every room in the house, although new, has already its traditions of 
the many illustrious people who have sojourned therein. The house is 
open at all times of the year, and in the winter season large parties now 
come from Philadelphia and New York, sure of good care, and of taking 
Niagara at its best. The hotel is largely patronized by Philadelphia and 
Boston ; of late years many from New York have taken rooms. 

At this point we take the liberty of saying, as advice to the Tourist : 
either secure your carriages at the hotel, where you are stopping, or 
make a clear bargain with the driver. If this is duly observed, there need 
be no fear of imposition, at least on the American side. We have seen some 
strange and really funny filings, on the Canadian side. We have in mind 
one individual fleeing from the coming wrath of an exorbitant hackman, 
and the driver in hot pursuit. We will also say : Mark out your, line of 
travel for the day, and don't be gulled by useless museums; many people 
have been deterred from visiting Niagara, by fear of exorbitant j)rices. 
But it is now in good hands, and we think we are correct in saying, that in 
no place does the tourist see as much, or enjoy more for the money spent. 

During the last two years the surroundings of the Palls have been 
greatly improved on the American side, and a fine park enclosed, and 
laid out in walks. It was quite the thing to do, and the improvement 
is worth more than the extra quarter the owner demands. It is now 
secure, even for children and absent-minded lovers. The walled battle- 
ments present safe stand-points which command the finest views. This 
project at first created quite a sensation among the rural people near 
Niagara, but now it is Universally conceded to be a great benefit, 
especially to tourists and travelers' who aj^preciate the comforts of civil- 
ized life. 

With this introduction we will now proceed to take a look at the 
scenery. The American Fall (900 feet across, 164 feet high) is only a 
short distance from the village. We have seen pictures of these Palls, 
from Church's masterpiece to the hastily-engraved cut of a guide-bo(3k. 
We all have an idea how the Palls look, but they never speak to us 
until we have looked over that deep abyss, and up the stream which 
ever rushes on, like an army to battle, and down the crowded chasm, 



¥it> ^©miton 



ti 



SITUATED ON THE BANK OF THE RIVER, 

Is Positively the Only First-Class Hotel 

From the Rooms and Balconies of which 

& tfull View of tl[e tfklld 

May be Mad. 



Each, night the American Falls will be illuminated by the 
Electric Light, producing the rare and beautiful phenomenon of 
the lunar bow. 

Remember ! from no other Hotel at Niagara can a view of 
the Ealls and Electric Light be had. 



It is omy seen from the "CLIFTON!" 

Stages and Porters meet all Trains at Niagara Ealls, 
N. Y. 

Eor information or rooms, address, 

COLBURN & MCOMBER, 

Niagara Falls, IT. T. 



The best hotel on the Canada side, and it is par excellence, is the Clif- 
ton House which, perhaps, enjoys the finest location of any Hotel at 
Niagara for continuous companionship with the Falls. Here, a person 
can sit upon the verandah or in his own room, and realize that he is at 
Niagara. There is no need of going anywhere to loolc after the Falls. 
The " Clifton House " is within ten minutes' walk of the American side, 
just over the new Suspension Bridge. We call the attention of the 
reader to the principal attractions of this Hotel, which we have con- 
densed on the opposite page. A pleasant run of an hour up the 
American side of Niagara river brings us to 

Buffalo, a flourishing city of 125, 000 inhabitants. It has a fine com- 
mercial location at the foot of Lake Erie, on the main line of the New 
York and Central E.R. Its main street and thoroughfares are well laid 
out, and everything reveals thrift and prosperity. The Tifft House is a 
pleasant hotel in the heart of the city, but 

Pieece's Palace Hotel, about ten minutes' drive from the depot by 
carriage, or fifteen minutes by horse-car, is the most beautiful and com- 
modious hotel and summer resort we have visited for many a day. The 
architectural features and interior finish are said to be the finest in the 
world. Its surroundings are beautiful, and the view from window and 
turret is grand and extensive. 

From Niagara tourists may make the round trip to Montreal, Lake 
Champlain, Lake George, and Saratoga, or the still longer round trip to 
Montreal, the Green and "White Mountains, and so to New York, via 
Portland and Boston. Tourists taking either of these trips have two 
routes to Montreal — one via the Grand Trunk Railroad, the other via that 
down the Lake and St. Lawrence. The rapids and islands are interest- 
ing features of the route as indicated in our description of the Thousand 
Islands. 

Toronto is an interesting place to visit, known as the Queen 
City of Western Canada. Its handsome bay, its fine lake port, its com- 
mercial enterprise and its public buildings, are everywhere noted. The 
best hotel of the city is "The Queen's." The population of Toronto 
is about 70,000. 

lOO 



Cleveland. The pleasantest route to the great West is, in our opinion, 
the Hudson Eiver and the New York Central, and the Michigan and 
Lake Shore Railroads, and the pleasantest city is Cleveland, Ohio. It 
was originally settled by persons from New Haven, and we see the moth- 
er's beauty inherited by her fair daughter ; in fact, the public squares 
and noble avenues are the finest in the land. The tourist should make 
this his resting-place on the way to Chicago, and take a drive on "Eu- 




KENNARD HOUSE. 

D. McClaskt, Proprietor. 

clid Avenue." This avenue is pronounced by many travelers the finest 
in the world. For two miles it presents an unbroken vista of all that 
is pleasant in trees, shrubbery, and architecture. 

The finest hotel is the Kennard House, a cut of which is here given, 
where the traveler will find everything for his comfort and convenience. 
It is a first-class house in every particular. The only Hotel in Cleveland 
with an elevator, and its popular proprietor is known from New York to 
San Francisco. 



SAEATOGA, LAKE GEOEGE, AND PLATTSBUEG. 

From Albany we take the Eensselaer and Saratoga Eailroad (division 
of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company) direct to Saratoga, or by 
way of 

Troy, at the head of tide- water, the enterprising city of the Hudson. 
In fact, it might be considered the live town of the river. 




TROY HOUSE. 
B. F. Stiles, Proprietor. 

The best hotel is the Troy House, corner First and Eiver 
streets, and we take pleasure in presenting and endorsing the following 
brevities: "The Troy House is the leading and only first-class house in 
the city. Eecently refurnished, electric bells, telephone, telegraph 
office, and every convenience that health and comfort can suggest; a table 
supplied with all the delicacies of the season; attentive and courteous 
employees, all striving to please; location central, being among the lead- 
ing mercantile interests and public buildings of the city, and within two 

102 



minutes' walk of the landing of the palace steamboats ' Saratoga ' and 
1 City of Troy, ' Daily line to New York, and four blocks from Union 
B.K. depot, making it the most convenient and accessible house in the 
city. Free ' bus' to and from the house." 

Prom this point we take the Rensselaer and Saratoga R. R. , and pass 
through Waterford, Cohoes and Mechanicville, to 

Round Lake, seen on the right, with its pleasant cottages. 
Ballston Spa, 25 miles from Troy, is a quiet and pleasant place, and 
at one time was the rival of Saratoga. Seven miles more bring us to 
Saratoga Spbtngs, thirty-two miles from Troy, 182 from New York. 
The principal features of Saratoga are the springs and the hotels, and 
these are in profusion on every hand. Our first duty will be to locate at 
a hotel, and we will commence with a description of the largest, and after 
we are duly located, we will then refer to the principal springs, the Lake 
and our favorite walks in the vicinity. 

The Grand Union Hotel, a view of which is given on the opposite 
page, is the largest hotel on this continent, and pronounced by every 
one the finest in the world. It was purchased four years ago by the 
late A. T. Stewart, or rather the site on which the present structure now 
stands, for year by year it has developed new beauty, and stands to-day 
the model of strength and architectural symmetry. It was, indeed, for- 
tunate for Saratoga, that Mr. Stewart became interested in the growth 
and welfare of the place, and we take pleasure in repeating a paragraph 
which recently fell under our notice, " that Mr. Stewart had matured 
plans insuring the enjoyment and convenience of the guests for the 
eoming season surpassing in liberality all past years, and with the inten- 
tion of making the Grand Union the most elegant watering place hotel 
on this continent," and these plans will be fully carried out by those 
having charge of his estate. 

The hotel has been considerably enlarged since the past season, add- 
ing about 125 rooms, and parlors, which will make over three hundred 
suites of apartments, with bath-rooms and all conveniences. The din- 
ing-room has also been extended almost one hundred feet, and is un- 
doubtedly the finest in tfie world. The new ball-room is magnificently 

103 



proportioned and elegantly decorated. " The Genius of America,* 
Yvon's grand Centennial picture, painted for Mr. Stewart, will occupy 
the entire end of the room. The music during the season will be sup- 
plied by Gilmore's famous band, and concerts will be given each morn- 
ing upon the piazza, and hops every evening in the ball-room. It is 
impossible to condense in the brief space of a general guide, one half of 
the attractive features of the Union. Its graceful verandas always cool 
and shaded, its magnificent park filled with trees of twenty years* 
growth, its Opera Hall directly opposite, its cheerful cottages, its airy 
and beautiful office, with dome rising eighty feet above the marble 
pavement, with a terrace overlook from every floor, its splendid dining- 
room, to which we have already referred, all combine to render this 
one of the most charming hotels in the world. The grounds and build- 
ings now cover a space seven acres in extent, and the hotel presents a 
street frontage of fifteen hundred feet. The house is newly refurnished 
throughout in the most elegant manner, and its destiny is secure in the 
hands of Mr. Clair, its popular manager. 

United States Hotel. This hotel, erected on the site of the old 
1 United States," is a mammoth and stupendous structure. It was com- 
menced in 1873. We see it as we approach the station, with its long 
line of cottages on one side, and its long wing on the other, reaching 
almost to the railroad track as if standing with open arms, awaiting 
the tourist and traveler. In the June number of the College Spectator, 
published at Saratoga Springs, there is a full description of its stupen- 
dous proportions, from which we quote the following: " The building 
occupies a plot of ground of seven acres in extent, in the form of an 
irregular pentagon. It has a frontage on Broadway, of two hundred 
and thirty-two feet, six inches, and a frontage of five hundred and three 
feet on Division street, also a frontage of one hundred and fifty-three 
feet on Railroad Place. The architectural features of the main build- 
ing, present the Norman style of architecture. The grand ball room 
is located in the second story of the railroad front, fifty feet wide, by 
one hundred and twelve feet long. The main building is six stories in 
height, the sixth story being the mansard roof." Although Saratoga 

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2 




CQ 




is naturally a sandy place, this hotel, every foot of it, is "founded on 
a rock," and has in every sense one of the finest foundations in the 
world, resting on the solid Silurian formation of its old reputation, and 
on the successful management of Tompkins, Gage & Co. 

The Hotel enterprise of our country rather surprises even a Euro- 
pean traveler. And, in fact, it is a marvel to find a city of hotels in a 
country so new as the United States. This "building is a fit type of the 
growth of our country, and speaks well for a Centennial of prosperity. 
With such enterprise, wealth, and foresight directing the affairs of 
Saratoga, this watering place has no occasion to fear the future. It is 
the morning of her history; 

" For we are ancients of the earth, 
And in the morning ot our times." 

Congeess Hall is built on the site of the famous hotel, the ' i Con- 
gress " of early Saratoga, and is drawn up, as it were, rank and file, front 
to front with the Grand Union. It has a frontage on Broadway, the gay 
thoroughfare of Saratoga, of 416 feet, and its beautiful promenade 
piazza, twenty feet wide, is one of the best commanding points to take 
in the " ebb and flow " of this fashionable city. It is the most central 
to the principal springs. Flanked on one side by "Congress Spring" 
and its beautiful park, on the other by the " Hathorn," and on the rear 
the well-known "Hamilton Spring," its fine location, its beautiful 
rooms, its large halls and well-shaded piazzas and graceful architecture, 
place it among the three great hotels of Saratoga. Congress Hall was 
purchased in 1878 by Mr. W. H. Clement, of Cincinnati, O., President 
of the Cincinnati and Southern Railroad Co. , and Mr. John Cox, of New 
York, gentlemen of wealth and enterprise, who have placed it under 
the following admirable management: 

Mr. H. S. Clement, late one of the proprietors of the well-known Lin- 
dell Hotel, of St. Louis, and formerly one of the proprietors of the 
Congress Hall in 1870 and 1871; and Mr. Wilkinson, formerly one of the 
managers of the Grand Union, Saratoga, have taken the control of 
Congress Hall, and intend to make it equal in every particular to the 
best hotels of Saratoga or the Continent. The proprietors know the old 



prestige of the ''Congress," and are determined that it shall not be 
second to any in the "city of hotels." 

Congress Hall will accommodate over 1,000 guests. It is built in the 
most substantial manner. The rooms are all large, high, and well ven- 
tilated. The halls, dining-rooms, parlors, and offices are of grand pro- 
portions, and furnished with elegance and taste. Everything is done to 
secure the pleasure of guests. Courtesy, attention, cleanliness, cuisine, 
everything speaks the care of men who are competent for their positions. 
Persons who secure rooms fronting to the south, will command a full 
view of the beautiful Congress Park, to which we allude on a following 
page. 

The Clarendon Hotel stands on a fine elevation, and presents an 
agreeable contrast to the other large hotels, as it is the- only one "clad 
in white." It has a bright and cheerful appearance, with fine shady 
grounds, and here of a summer evening, one-half of Saratoga come, just 
before ' ' bedtime, " to get a drink of the celebrated ' ' Washington Spring, " 
a tonic water which bubbles and sparkles like champagne. The Claren- 
don can accommodate five hundred or six hundred guests, and has held 
for many years the first position, as it is filled every season with an aris- 
tocratic and select class of guests. The beautiful grounds lit with elec- 
tric light, as is promised this season, will be one of the features of the 
summer. The extended piazza which overlooks the " Spring" and the 
street, is one of the pleasantest "view points" to study human nature. 
Mr. J. C. Chamberlain, formerly connected with the Clarendon for nine 
consecutive years, and Mr. J. B. Powell, of New York, are sufficient 
guarantee that the high standard which has hitherto characterized its 
management will be fully maintained. 

The Adelphi. — This hotel, built in 1877, and capable of accommo- 
dating 175 guests, is a model of arrangement and good management. 
It is centrally located between the Grand Union and the United States. 
It is in the truest sense a favorite home for the tourist or man of busi- 
ness. Its bright and cheerful piazzas, three stories high, present, as it 
were, a "box orchestra," from which the visitor looks down upon the 
street with its gay equipage, the broad sidewalk and the extended 

108 



o 

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o 

o 

a* 

o 

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r 



3 'I 

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en 
t— i 
o 




High Rock Spring, 

OLDEST SPRING IN SARATOGA. 

A NALYSIS. 

BY PROF. C. P. CHANDLER, OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

The following analysis of the High Eock Spring Water was made by Prof. 
C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., of Columbia College School of Mines, who visited 
the Spring and personally collected the water for analysis, and fully demon- 
strates the wonderful medicinal properties of the water, and its great value 
as a remedial agent. 

Analysis of one U. S. Gallon ; 

Chloride of Sodium 390.127 grains. 

Chloride of Potassium 8.497 ' ' 

Bromide of Sodium 0.731 " 

Iodide of Sodium 0.086 " 

Fluoride of Calcium trace. 

Sulphate of Potassa 1.608 " 

Bicarbonate of .Baryta trace. 

Bicarbonate of Strontia trace. 

Bicarbonate of Lime 131.739 " 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 54.924 " 

Bicarbonate of Soda 34.888 " 

Bicarbonate of" Iron 1.478 " 

Phosphate of Lime trace. 

Alumina 1.223 

Silica 2.260 

Total ' 628.039 

Carbonic Acid Gas 409.458 cub. in. 

It is thus shown that the water is highly charged with valuable mineral and 
gaseous properties. 

SOLD BY ALL PRINCIPAL HOTELS, GROCERS Ss DRUGGISTS. 
P RICE S . 

RETAIL, LESS THAN TWELVE DOZEN. 
Quarts, in boxes of 2 doz., 3 doz. and 4 doz., - - - - #3 00 per doz. 

Pints, in boxes of 4 doz., 5 doz. and 6 doz., .' - - , - 2 00 " 

WHOLESALE, 1>E1£ GKOSS. 

Quarts, in boxes of 2 doz., 3 doz. ami 4 doz., - - - - $2 50 

Pints, in boxes of 4 doz., 5 doz. and 6 doz., - - - - - 1 73 " 

WATER IN BULK. 
20 cents per gallon if barrels are loaned by the Co. 
Metal-lined barrels for sale at cost price, and loaned to responsible parties. 

BOTTLES REFILLED AT USUAL RATES. A LIBERAL DISCOUNT TO THE TRADE. 

Wm. G. Fargo, President. J. McB. Davidson, Sec. and Treas. 

HENRY SMITH, Superintendent. 
Address all orders and communications to the Superintendent, at Sara- 
toga Springs, N. Y. 



view down Phila street, which fronts the Adelphi. The proprietor, Mr. 
William H. McCaffrey, has had long experience, and the visitor who 
stops at the pleasant Adelphi, will do so again and again, so long as he 
visits Saratoga. 

Strong's Kemedial Institute is the finest health resort in onr coun- 
try, and is not only a Christian home for the sick, but also a grand cen- 




DRS. STRONG'S INSTITUTE. SARATOGA. 

(For further information, see opposite page Fourteen of this Guide.) 



tre for wealthy, literary, or Christian people. It is the summer resort 
of the Kev. Dr. Cuyler, Hon. G. G. Eeynolds, and' Ex- Governor Wells, 
of Virginia. The most marked features are its homogeneous society, 
its social life, and its musical entertainments. 

The proprietors— Messrs. S. S. & S. E. Strong— have become so 

109 



celebrated in their various specialties that leading physicians all over 
the country recognize the fact that many chronic cases can be treated 
more effectually in an institution having special appliances than in or- 
dinary practice, and are sending more and more such cases to them for 
treatment. The senior proprietor has been spending sometime 
abroad in Paris and in London, giving special attention to the latest 
researches of the French and English physicians. The house is open 
all the year, and has no appearance of invalidism. 




TEMPLE GEOVE SEMINAEY (STEEET FEONT). 

Temple Geove Seminaey has a delightful location on what was once 
called Temple Hill, in the eastern part of the village. The institution 
is under the efficient management of Charles E. Dowd, A.M., a graduate 
of Yale College, and well known to the educational world as conducting 
one of the best Young Ladies' Seminaries in the State. The cuts here 
given present a fine view of the building. The grounds comprise about 
one and a half acres, and are covered with a grove of over one hundred 
native forest trees. 

no 



During the winter Saratoga combines all the advantages of a city 
with the quiet of a country town; for, although the public works and 
beautiful avenues were constructed mainly for the benefit of summer 
visitors, they are none the less to the advantage of those who live here 
in the quiet possession of them from September to June. During the 
rush of the vacation months, Temple Grove is turned into one of the 
most delightful summer resorts in Saratoga, and combines the advan- 
tages of a commanding position, large and well-shaded grounds, and 
within five minutes' walk of the Springs. From the Seminary observa- 




TEMPLE GEOVE SEMINABY (gKOVE SIDE). 

tory one gets a fine view of the surrounding country for miles in every 
direction. From the Saratoga Sun, edited by our friend Mr. A. S. Pease, 
we clip the following: — 

"Among the institutions of which Saratoga has just reason to be 
proud is Temple Grove Seminary. Under the excellent and skillful 
management of Professor Dowd, this Seminary has attained not only a 
State but a National eminence. Among the pupils are young ladies 
from all points of the United States, and the reputation of the Semi- 

111 



nary is steadily increasing. The scholars!^ of the graduates of Temple 
Grove has for several years been of marked excellence. No department 
of mental or general culture seems to be neglected, but everything that 
contributes to a perfect education is carefully regarded by the Principal, 
and inwrought, as it were, into the character of the pupil. Not only is 
Professor Dowd to be congratulated on his notable success, but Saratoga 
Springs possesses no institution of which she ought to feel more proud 
or prize more highly than Temple Grove Seminary." 

Db. Kobebt Hamilton's Medical Institute, on Franklin street, is an 
institution for the treatment of various chronic and special diseases, and 
is conducted by one of Saratoga's most eminent physicians, who has long 
enjoyed a good reputation as a practitioner, and is a conscientious 
student of medicine. Many are familiar Avith his institution that stood 
on the corner of Broadway and Congress street for many years, but was 
burned in the disastrous fire that swept away the Park place and Cre- 
scent Hotels. 

In the spring of 1874, Dr. Hamilton removed to Franklin street, one 
of the most quiet and beautiful streets in town, and has now one of the 
best institutions for the treatment of various diseases. He is one of the 
most reliable consulting physicians in Saratoga county, and having long 
resided and practised in Saratoga, and observed the effects of the various 
spring waters on different constitutions and in different diseases, is qual- 
ified to give advice to those who wish to drink the mineral waters in a 
systematic way and to the best advantage. Dr. Hamilton makes a spe- 
cialty of this practise, and is recognized as a most excellent authority 
on the subject. 

The institution is open as a summer ^oarding-house during the sea- 
son, is kept hi good style, and in such a manner that no features of a 
medical institute are observable. The terms are very reasonable, and 
all the medical patrons will be most conscientiously and ably treated, 
and the pleasure guests cared for with faithful attendance to their wants. 
We append a notice that appeared in the Saratoga Sun, April, 1874, 
which shows how Dr. Hamilton is regarded at home by those who know 
him best: 

"Up to the time of the destruction of 'The Crescent' by fire, there 



was probably no medical institute in Saratoga better known or so well 
known as the one kej>t by Dr. Robert Hamilton. His common-sense 
method of treatment, his thorough acquaintance with the medical prop- 
erties of all the waters of all the springs, and the general tone of health, 
vigor, hopefulness, and social comfort which distinguished his practise, 




HAMILTON S MEDICAL INSTITUTE. 

made his institute popular with all his inmates, and famous throughout 
the land. It is conveniently located on Franklin street, in the most 
quiet, genteel, and accessible part of the village, and those who desire to 
avail themselves of the excellent methods of treatment, and the superior 
advantage of his institution, will do wisely to make early application." 

113 



We also take the following extract from the Medical Eclectic, New York, 
March, 1875: 

"Dr. Robert Hamilton, of Saratoga, late President of the Eclectic 
Medical Society of the State of New York, jDossesses the rarest recuper- 
ative energy. He lost a fortune last fall, at the burning of the hotel; 
yet before the ruins had ceased to smolder, he had devised and set in 
operation on Franklin street, a new medical institute, which is destined 
to achieve the celebrity and success of its predecessor. He attended the 
annual meeting of the State Society, presided with ability, and delivered 
the annual address with the same apparent lightness of heart and man- 
ner as thougli there was no consciousness of crushing misfortune settled 
upon him. We have so long known his goodness, that to love and es- 
teem him means a second nature. . So, too, is he regarded by his neigh- 
bors, his patients, and all who are within his circle of acquaintance. 
His urbanity and kindness of disposition are only equalled by his skill 
and success as a practitioner. His tact in diagnosis seldom fails him, 
and in treating of the sick, caring for them, watching for favorable and 
unfavorable symptoms, cheering and encouraging, inviting them to re- 
cover and winning back health, he has wonderfully excelled. The sea- 
son now about to begin will be his summons to new activity, and we 
trust to abundant success. " Send for circular of the Institute, and terms 
for board, to Dr. Robert Hamilton, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

During the past year the capacity of the institution has been consider- 
ably increased and portions newly furnished. 

The Springs. — The most prominent Springs in and about Saratoga, 
are the Hathorn, the Congress, the Excelsior, and the High Rock. The 
Geyser, two miles south of Saratoga, and the Champion Spouting 
Spring, are curiosities well worth visiting; but to our mind, the greatest 
interest clusters about the "High Rock" — the old medicine spring of 
the Indian tribes, which built for itself a solid curb stone, in the ages 
long passed away, and seemed, therefore, to their untutored minds, a gift 
from the Great Spirit. It has held its reputation as a curative spring 
against its later rivals, and while the waters of other springs have under- 
gone changes since they were discovered, this bubbles up with the same 

114 




CONGRESS SPRING PAVILION. 

ERECTED, 1876. 



Adirondack Compaq's Hallroad 

FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS 

TO LUZERNE, HADLEY, THT7RMAN, THE GLEN, RIVERSIDE, NORTH CREEK, 

and BLUE MOUNTAIN LAKE, 



FORMING THE 



MOST DIRECT RAILROAD ROUTE 

TO THE 

VALLEY OF THE UPPER HUDSON 

AND THE WILDEKNESS. 

LINE OF THREE NEW STEAMBOATS ON BLUE MOUNTAIN, EA- 

GLE & UTOWANA LAKES, Also, on BAGUETTE LAKE. 

A Moute of Picturesque and Delightful Scenery. 



Lt iliversidc Station, stages connect, running to SCHROON LAKE, 
CHESTER, POTTERSVILLE, and the NORTH WOODS. 

The Adirondack Stage Company, carrying United States Mails be- 
tween North Creek and Blue Mountain Lake, run first-class four and six- 
horse Concord Coaches. 

Express trains leave Saratoga Springs on arrival of Morning and Mid- 
day trains from the South. 

C. E. DURKEE, 

Superintendent. 



properties as years ago, when the Indian tribes brought their sick to the 
charmed fountain. 

The Hathorn Spring was accidentally discovered in 1868, and has 
already taken a leading place for its curative qualities, and it has been 
claimed by good physicians that, as a cathartic and alterative, this water 
stands superior to all, either domestic or foreign, in the treatment of 
dyspepsia, constipation, torpid liver, &c. The quantity of salts con- 
tained in this water, excepting the chloride of sodium, is comparatively 
small. Its therapeutic action, however, when taken in the usual quan- 
tity, is much greater than the small amount of the salts would' produce 
if combined artificially. In its remote action it is, like other mineral 
waters, a powerful alterative, when taken in moderate quantities, for a 
considerable time. 

The Congress Spring is a highly carbonated saline water — an active 
and powerful cathartic, promptly relieving constipated conditions of the 
bowels, and by continued use acting remarkably, also, as an alterative, 
keeping the blood in a very pure and healthful condition, and reno- 
vating the entire system. Its chemical ingredients are almost precisely 
those of the human body, and it seems wonderfully adapted by nature 
to restore and repair our physical systems when depleted by disease or 
worn and exhausted by over-labor. Thus our wasted and wasting tissues 
and energies~are renovated and revived, and life itself is imbibed with 
every glass of Congress Water. We call attention to advertisement oh 
page opposite 127. 

Congress Park is a delightful pleasure-ground. In fact, we know of 
no park of equal size in our country which surpasses it for beauty of 
natural scenery, or elegance of architectural and artistic ornaments. 
The old picture of the spring, as it appeared in 1816, presents a great 
contrast to the present position and surroundings of the new park. 
Saratoga with its springs and park and magnificent hotels — Lake 
George with its quiet, home-like resorts, Lake Champlain with its grand 
scenery, and the Adirondacks, with unrivaled lakes and wooded moun- 
tains will, in our opinion, hold their own against the summer resorts of 
the Atlantic coast. 

u4(a) 



FROM 

Saratoga to the Adirondacks. 



ADIRONDACK RAILROAD TO NORTH CREEK, 
STAGES TO BLUE MOUNTAIN LAKE. 



" THE R O UND TRIP." 

The Adirondack Railroad furnishes the pleasantest excursion to be 
made from Saratoga. The traveler passes through the romantic and pic- 
turesque valley of the Upper Hudson — through King's, South Corinth, 
Jessup's Landing to Hadley, the railroad station for Luzerne, a charming 
village at the junction of the Hudson and the Sacandaga. "Rockwell's 
Hotel " is known to all the sojourners of Saratoga as the place to secure 
a game dinner, a dish of trout, and a "taste" of the wilderness. 

Pursuing the railroad, we pass through Stony Creek to Thurman. 
thirty-six miles from Saratoga Springs, at the junction of the Schroon 
river and the Hudson. The next stations are the Glen, 44 miles, and 
Riverside, 50 miles from Saratoga. At Riverside persons leave the cars 
for Chester, Pottersville, Schroon Lake, and Johnsburg. 

Schroon Lake. — A stage ride of seven miles from Riverside brings 
the tourist to Schroon Lake. Thence we proceed by steamer Effingham, 
Captain P. S. Russell, to Wells' House Landing or Schroon Tillage. 
The Wells' House is a fine hotel; Thomas Wells, Proprietor. Returning 
from our detour, we continue our trip up the Adirondack Railroad to 
North Creek. 

114(b) 



At this point we find " Concord coaches " in waiting for Blue Moun- 
tain Lake — distance about thirty miles, through a beautiful romantic 
country. The road has been thoroughly repaired, and the traveler will 
reach Blue Mountain Lake in time for a good supjDer. We had the good 
fortune to make this trip last August, and we hope to do so at least once a 
year for the next decade. Blue Mountain Lake is the threshold of the 
Adirondacks, and furnishes the easiest way to get into the Lake District. 
The stage line changes horses every five miles, and the " drivers" swing- 
one along like the California drivers of the Yosemite. The hotels at 
Blue Mountain Lake have been doubled. A new proprietor from Rich- 
field Springs is keeping the American House as a first-class hotel. It 
will be enlarged this season to accommodate 350 people. There is a 
telegraph line now in oj>eration between Blue Mountain Lake and Sara- 
toga Springs, and a new Steamer on the Lake. These improvements, 
and the new Restaurant at North Creek, make everything complete for 
the traveler. 

Our friend, Mr. William W. Durant, has written us the above, and we 
take pleasure in presenting it. In fact, every man is a benefactor 
who -induces his neighbor or friend to visit this charming section. 

The steamer route is as follows: In the morning about 9, if we remem- 
ber correctly, we left the rustic Boat House in front of the hotel, sailed 
through Blue Mountain Lake and Utowana Lake to the outlet, a dis- 
tance of seven miles. The " carry " at this point is two-thirds of a mile 
long, when we took a fairy -like steamer on Marion river. The river trip 
is four miles long to Forked Lake, and we remember that it abounded 
with " water lilies, " which were gathered by the heroic voyagers for the 
fair ones in their charge. 

Raquette Lake is one of the most charming of the "braided lakes." 
It has ninety miles of coast, and we understand that the name signifies 
" star-like." The name Utowana signifies " Lake of Plenty." 

Arriving at "Forked Lake Carry, " one half mile brings us to Leavitt's, 
or Forked Lake. This is really the first " hotel in the woods," and here 
the traveler gets his first real mountain bill of fare. In brief, we would 
like to have stayed there a month. From this point we took guide and 

114(c) 



rowboat to Kellogg's, on Long Lake, a distance of about thirteen miles. 
This is a fine hotel, beautifully located and well kept. 

From this point we went north through the Saranacs to- Martin's, and 
took stage for Lake Placid. The best hotel is on the hill, and commands 
a magnificent view of mountain and lake scenery. The name of the 
hotel has escaped us, but we have not forgotten the dinner, and we can 
simply say: Take the large hotel on the hill. 

From this point we went to Keene Flats, and stopped with " Beede." 
Some six or eight years ago we visited Beede on our way from Pitts- 
burgh to Mount Marcy, and we were delighted to see that he had out- 
grown the quiet farm house, and now finds himself proprietor of the best 
conducted hotel of the Adirondacks, accommodating 100 people. It is 
a charming and healthful spot, and only five miles from the "Lower 
Ausable Pond." These ponds, the "Lower" and "Upper," are unri- 
valled in beauty and grandeur. They lie at the foot of Mount Marcy, 
Haystack, the Gothics, and Mount Bartlett. 

From this point we took Beede's stage for Elizabethtown and West- 
port, and so, via the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company to Saratoga, 
made the round trip in about two weeks. 

"We would suggest that the tourist from Beede's go over Mount Marcy 
to the Deserted Village and then up through Indian Pass to Lake Pla- 
cid, which would make a fine trip for four or five days. "We have also 
made the trip via Schroon Lake to the Deserted Village, and so over 
Mount Marcy to the Ausable Ponds and Beede's; but the trip which we 
have here indicated, via Blue Mountain Lake, is in every particular the 
pleasantest way to get into the North "Woods, and then persons can ex- 
ercise their own preference as to keeping quiet and resting in some shady 
% retreat, or taking wider excursions. 

"We have not space, in these brief pages, to express our love and en- 
thusiasm for the Adirondacks. One of these vacant months we hope to 
put it in forty or fifty pages, for nothing less than this can do it real 
justice. It is the sensible thing to do. For, ten days among the Pines 
and Greenwood, at an altitude of 2,000 to 5,000 feet, is worth more to 
restore health and vigor, than a month in other Besorts. 

n4(d) 



SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 



Wm. H. MeCAFFREY, Proprietor. 



Orte of tKe plectsctrvtestj coziest 
artel best rruxrLCLgecL Hotels irz 
SccratogcL. 



A MODEL OF NEATNESS, AND A 
FAVORITE WITH ALL. 



LAKE GEOEGK 

THE LAKE HOUSE— THE PLEASANT HOTEL OF CALDWELL. 

From Saratoga the traveler -will pursue his journey to Lake George, 
via Fort Edward and Glen's Falls, and then nine miles by stage, a pleas- 
ant route, or via Fort Ti, and four miles rail to the Lake, and so up the 
Lake to Caldwell. The traveler, however, generally makes the round 
trip via Glen's Falls, and so down the Lake to Fort Ti, and this not only 
gives variety but takes one through a beautiful country, and by many 
points of historical interest. Between Fort Edward and Glen's Falls, is 
the tree where Miss McEea was killed by the Indians, and after taking 
the stage, the traveler will see Bloody Pond, the Williams Monument, 
and many other points connected with the history of the Revolution and 
the French and Indian wars. 

The Hotels. — TheLake House, a view of which is given on the oppo- 
site page, has a delightful location, and taken all in all, presents to our 
minds the greatest attractions to the tourist. It seems to have been the 
object of those interested in certain hotels, to blind the eyes of those 
traveling so that they might conclude that there was only one hotel at 
the Lake. During the last four years we have spent many days at Cald- 
well, and tested the entertainment of all the hotels, and we give without 
reserve, the verdict to the Lake House. In days like these, which try 
men's pockets, the traveler wishes to get the worth of his money, and 
this he will be sure to do at the hotel we have indicated. Therefore, if 
some enthusiastic porter insists on taking charge of your baggage at the 
ornamental front of some other house, remember it only occupies thirty 
seconds to have him "put it back," and only two minutes thereafter to 
be driven to the Lake House. The trees and grounds of this hotel are 
very tasty, and the pleasant cottages are an attractive feature. The Pro- 
prietor, Mr. F. G. Tucker, has made extensive improvements, and there 
is no finer table in the United States. The hotel is 300 feet long, with 
piazzas fronting the Lake and Street, with an open porch on one side, 
shaded with maples, and lawn sloping toward the Lake. Terms $2 per 
day for June, $2.50 for July, August and September. All steamboats 
leave the Lake House dock, and stages leave the door connecting with 
trains. As stages start from here, outside seats are readily obtained. 

115 



CROSBYSIDE-LAKE GEORGE. 

CROSBYSIDE HOTEL.— F. G. CROSBY, Pkopeietob. 

After leaving the Lake House landing the little steamer crosses the 
Lake to Crosbyside, with its attractive grounds and magnificent location. 
We regret that we have not a picture to help us express our admiration 
of this charming place. The view from the veranda commands the Lake 
for fifteen miles, with Tongue Mountain in full view, and Dome Island, 
Long Island, and Recluse Island in the distance. It is admitted by ev- 
ery one that no house on the Lake has such a fine prospect. It seems to 
be located in just the right place, and every guest says, in just the right 
hands. Mr. F. G. Crosby has gathered to himself, by his personal qual- 
ities, the best people who visit Lake George. As Mr. Stoddard has re- 
marked in his Guide : " Crosbyside is to Lake George, what the Claren- 
don is to Saratoga, having an unostentatious but select class of visitors." 
It has capacity for accommodating about 200 guests, and the same old 
faces are drawn back again, year by year, not only by the delightful sur- 
roundings, but as has been well said, by " the bountifully supplied table, 
made inviting by its crisp purity and dainty niceness." The natural park 
near at hand, is also a pleasant feature, and the broad piazza and cheerful 
drawing-rooms are suggestive of comfort and repose. It is a quiet, beau- 
tiful spot, and almost every day some visitor to the Lake says : "if we 
had only known of Crosbyside before." It is one of the few hotels which 
exist without advertising, or rather it needs no other advertisement than 
the good words of friends who come annually, to make themselves and Mr. 
Crosby alike happy. It is natural that the stages should prefer to stop at 
Caldwell, but they are willing to take the traveler without extra charge, to 
Crosbyside, and we are sure the tourist will consider it worth something to 
be in the hands of a gentleman who is always himself, and in a condi- 
tion to take care of his guests. Board from $10 to $20 per week, depend- 
ing upon size and situation of rooms. Go there if you can get past the 
runners, and you will find it harder still, to leave such a home. 

For all points down the Lake we refer the traveler to Stoddard's Guide 
of Lake George, giving an accurate description of the Islands, Mountains, 
and everything, in fact, which the traveler wishes to know. His Hand- 
Book to Lake George and the Adirondacks, leave little to be desired in 

117 



the waj of information and suggestion ; and we will only add, that we 
have yet to see a person who was not charmed with Lake George. The 
trip through the Lake connects with the Eailroad for Fort Ti. , and the 
tourist often comes and goes by that way, avoiding the stage line ; but for 
ourselves, we like the "round trip," and the carriage ride from Glen's 
Falls. We might also add, that the tourist can stop at the charming 
Rockwell House, Glen's Falls, and have a fine morning ride to the Lake, 
connecting with the steamer, which is a great convenience if the traveler 
is worn or tired. This affords the visitor an opportunity of visiting points 
of interest about Glen's Falls, without losing any points of interest on 
the Lake. 

The reader who does not visit Lake George may feel that he is switched 
off on a side-track at ' Fort Edward, and returning to his rescue, we 
proceed again via the main line through Dunham's Basin, Smith's Basin, 
Fort Ann and Comstock's Landing, to 

Whitehall, a village of six or seven thousand inhabitants, with a 
romantic location at the head of Lake Champlain. This village is the 
centre of a large lumber trade, and has a location quite like an infant 
Chicago. The best hotel is Hall's Opera House Hotel, well built and 
well managed. The Opera House is one of the finest in Northern New 
York, having a seating capacity of about 1,500. It was completed and 
opened by Edward Hall, in the Fall of 1875. 

NEW YOEK AND CANADA BAIL WAY. 

From Whitehall the traveler has two routes before him for Montreal, 
one via Port Kent, Plattsburgh, and Rouse's Point ; the other via Rut- 
land, Burlington and St. Albans. The new route via the New York and 
Canada Railroad, completed in the Summer of 1876, opens up a romantic 
and delightful country for Summer travel. It crosses all the thresholds 
for the Adirondacks, and shortens the journey to the mountain districts. 
It passes through five mountain ranges, the most southerly, the Black 
Mountain range, terminating in Mt. Defiance, with scattering spurs com- 
ing down to the very shore of the Lake. 

The second ran$e is known as the Kayaderosseras, the terminations of 

118 



which lie along the shore north of Ticonderoga, culminating in Bulwagga 
Mountain. 

The third range passes through the western part of Schroon, the north- 
ern part of Moriah and centre of Westport, ending in Split Rock Moun- 
tain. The fourth range, the Bouquet Range, ends in high bluffs on Wills- 
boro Bay. Here the famous Bed Bock Cut is located, and the longest 
tunnel on the line. 

The fifth range, once known as the Adirondack Range, as it includes 
the most lofty of the Adirondack Mountains, viz. : Mclntyre, Golden and 
Tahawas, end in a rocky promontory known as Tremblau Point, at Port 
Kent. These facts, which we know will be of interest to the traveler, are 
found in the Plattsburgh Bepublican — the great. Thesaurus of Tahawas 
matters. The historical sketch of this road, written by Mr. G. F. Bixby, 
its able editor, was highly complimented, and re-printed by the officers of 
the Road. 

No wonder with these mountain ranges to get through that the subject 
was agitated year after year, and it was only when the Hudson and Dela- 
ware Canal Company put their strong shoulder to the wheel that the 
work begun to go forward. For these mountains meant tunnels, and rock 
cuts, and bridges, and cash. Leaving Whitehall, we pass through the 
tunnel near the old steamboat landing, across the marsh, which must have 
suggested the beginning of the Pilgrim's Progress, for it seemed almost 
bottomless, we are wheeled along the narrow end of the Lake, still 
marked by light-houses, where steamers once struggled and panted 
"like fish out of water," and fulfilled the Yankee's ambition of running 
on a heavy dew. Winding in and out along the shore we proceed to 

Ticonderoga, 23 miles from Whitehall. Here terminates the first 
range of the Adirondacks, to which we have already referred, viz. : Mount 
Defiance. Steamers connect with the train at this point on Lake Cham- 
plain, also a Railroad for Lake George. Near the station we get a view 
of old Fort Ticonderoga, where Ethan Allen breakfasted early one morn- 
ing, and said grace in a brief and emphatic manner. 

The Lake now widens into a fine sheet of water, and crossing the Lake 
George outlet, enters a deep rock-cut which soon deepens into a tunnel 
some 300 feet long. 

119 



Cbown Point is 34 miles north of Whitehall, with its blast furnaces 
and branch railroad to Hammondville mines, some thirteen miles in 
length, up the Valley of Put Creek. Passing along the shore of Bulwag- 
ga Bay, we come to 

Poet Henby, 40 miles from "Whitehall, where there are more blast fur- 
naces and another private Bailroad, seven miles long, toMineville, we 
pass through another cut and another tunnel some 300 feet long. A few 
miles above this the roailroad leaves the Lake at Mullen Brook, the first 
departure since we left Whitehall, and we are greeted with cultivated 

fields and a charming landscape. 

Westpobt, fifty-one miles from Whitehall the Bailroad station for 

Elizabbthtown, the county seat of Essex. It is about eight miles 
distant from the station, and we know of no pleasanter village nestled 
among the mountains. A county consisting mostly of mountain scenery 
could have no happier location for a head-centre. The Mansion House 
is the finest hotel in the village. The Bev. Henry Ward Beecher was at 
Elizabethtown in the Summer of 1876, and dedicated a church for a friend. 
It is related that his principal occupation for several days, was walking 
up and down the veranda and saying to himself : "Isn't it grand — this 
circle of mountains ? " 

Passengers, however, who are en route for Keene Flats and the moun- 
tain district, will always remember that the best route is via Port Kent, 
Keeseville, and the Ausable Chasm, as there is a daily stage from 
the Lake View House, Ausable Chasm, to Keene Valley. It is, with- 
out doubt, the best conducted stage line in the United States. 

Keene P:lats is to our mind the point of the eastern slope of the Acli- 
rondacks — only four miles from the Ausable Ponds. Smith Beede has 
the largest and most commodious hotel the nearest to the Lakes, and on 
the highest ground, some 1,300 feet above tide-water. When a person 
gets to Beede's he has a right to say he is in the " country," and on the 
shore of Lake Avalanche, he might say he was in the "wilderness." A 
short distance north of Westport we enter the well cultivated Boquet 
Valley, and after a pleasant run we come to Wellsboro Falls, where we 
enter seven miles of rock cutting. The road is about 90 feet above the 
lake, and the cuts in many places are from 90 to 100 feet high. After 

120 



leaving Bed Bock Cut, we pass through a tunnel 600 feet long. Crossing 
Higby's Gorge and around Tremblau Mountain, we come to 






ir 



I 




W^M 





HORSESHOE AND BIRMINGHAM FALLS. 



Port Kent, to which Keeseville, an enterprising village, connects it- 
self by a well-managed stage line, owned and managed by Mr. Harper. 
There is a good deal of progressive life about this pleasant town of 4,000 



121 



inhabitants. The scenery is charming and romantic on every side — we 
remember only one mountain, however, by name, to wit : the " Poke O'- 




CATHEDRAL ROCK. 

Moonshine," and " thereby hangs a tale,'* as a lady observed on the stage 
when we last visited this section. Perhaps Mr. Harper knows the story, 
as we saw him smile — ask him ! 



122 



But the crowning point of interest is the 

Ausable Chasm, a mile and a-half from the village of Keeseville, or 
five miles from the station or landing at Port Kent. 




THE SENTINEL AND TABLE ROCK. 



The Lake Ytew House has a very fine location, and is par excellence 
the hotel of the place. The house is four stories high and has a fine out- 

123 



look over the Lake, commanding an extended view of the Adirondacka 
and the Green Mountains of "Vermont. 




ENTRANCE TO THE PLUME. 

It is now three or four years since we visited the Ausable Chasm, but 
the pictures are still stamped upon our mind clear and definite — the 
ledge under Birmingham Falls, the Flume, the Devil's Pulpit, and the 

124 



boat-ride on the swift current. Indeed, the entire rock-rift, almost two 
miles in length, lias left an impression which subsequent views have not 




THE BASIN. 



effaced. Since that time it has been my good fortune to visit Watkins 
Glen, Trenton Falls, and the Flume of the Opalescent, on the western 
side of Mount Marcy, but their wild beauty and grandeur are all blended 

**5 



in this wonderful chasm. We advise every northern tourist not to pass 
by this feature of the trip. Save a day orhalf a day somewhere else on 




DOWN FROM HYDE'S CAVE. 



the route, and see the Chasm of the Ausable. The one thing which we 
remember more definitely than any other, was the illusion that we were 
floating up stream, that the river, compressed in these narrow limits, had 

126 



" got tired" of finding ifa way out, and thought the easiest way was to 
run up hill and get out at the top. 

The views here given were furnished us by Mr. Joseph Angell, Gen'l 
Passenger Agent of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, of Alba- 
ny, N. Y., and we take this opportunity of thanking him for his courtesy. 
The conveniences for enjoying a visit to the Au Sable Chasm, were never 
so complete as this season. The new Truss Bridges and iron railings 
in the rock galleries, render the trip absolutely safe. The Lake View 
House. H. H. Van Aranam, Proprietor, is also greatly enlarged, with an 
extension of 72 feet, four stories high. The dining-room will seat 300 per- 
sons, and is without doubt the pleasantest in Northern N. Y. It is, in fact, 
a model hotel, and a pleasant point to visit en route to the Adirondacks. 

Plattsbubgh, the most flourishing town in Northern New York, is 14 
miles from Port Kent, and 90 miles from "Whitehall. The route to the 
Adirondack Mountains, via Plattsburgh, is easy and pleasant, via train 
to Ausable Forks, some 20 miles distant. The Fouquet Hotel is the 
best hotel, and in fact is without a rival in Northern New York. It is 
conveniently located close by the station, and travelers on through trains 
have ample time for meals. We call special attention, also, to the 
announcement on the opposite page, as it fully sets forth the proper 
thing for the visitor to do, and it will well repay him to linger a day or 
more and take the excursions here indicated. The northern part of Lake 
Champlain offers special attractions to camping parties. The shores and 
islands abound in excellent sites. Lake Champlain is also replete with 
interest to the historian. The ruins of Fort St. Anne are still seen on 
the north end of Isle La Mott, built by the French in 1660. Valcour 
Strait, where one of the battles of '76 was fought; Valcour's Island, 
where lovers came from far and near, built air castles, wandered through 
these shady groves for a season or two, and then vanished from sight, 
bankrupt in everything but mutual affection ; Cumberland Bay, with its 
victory, September, 1814, when the British were driven back to 
Canada ; and many other points which can be visited by steamer or 
yacht. We advise every one to linger a day in this charming section, 
and heartily commend them to the excellent care of Mr. North, of the 
"Fouquet." 

127 



Congress Water. 



This famous Water is a well-known specific for Constipation, 
Indigestion, and all disorders of the Stomach, Liver, Kidneys, 
Bladder, etc. Other coarse-crude Mineral Waters, foreign and 
domestic, not only aggravate such disorders when they exist, 
but, being irritants, positively induce them by their effect on 
the mucous membrane. 

Congress Water contains none of those deleterious ingredi- 
ents found in so many of the foreign imported waters, which 
intelligent foreigners carefully avoid, as do the intelligent 
residents of Saratoga, the coarse, irritating waters found in 
some of its numerous springs. 

All Mineral Waters that are dangerous irritants may be 
known by their acrid-acid like after-taste. 

For sale, in bottles only, by all leading Druggists, Grocers 
and Hotels. 

CONGRESS & EMPIRE SPRING CO., 

Saratoga Springs, JV. T. 



TO MONTREAL via RUTLAND AND BURLINGTON. 

CENTRAL VERMONT RAILROAD. 

At Whitehall one branch of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad 
Abends to the east and passes through Fairhaven, Hydeville, Castleton 
and West Poultney to Rutland, 244 miles from New York. This is the 
centre of the great marble trade, and one of the prominent railroad 
centres of Vermont. The Bardwell House is the finest in Rutland, com- 
plete in all its parts, and handy to the station. Mr. J. W. Cramton is 
well known through New York and New England as a popular land- 
lord and thorough business man. 

Leaving Rutland for the north, we jDass through Sutherland Falls, 
Pittsford, Brandon, Leicester, Salisbury, Middlebury, Brookville, New 
Haven, Vergennes, Ferrisburgh, Charlotte ahd Shelburne to Burlington, 
which we noticed on the previous page, with its pleasant location on 
the Lake. The "Tan Ness House," D. C. Barber & Co., proprietors, is 
a fine hotel, central in location, with a nice outlook upon lake and moun- 
tain. It is the largest in Burlington, and will rank as one of the most 
convenient and thoroughly appointed houses in New England. 

THE PORTLAND AND OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. 

VERMONT DIVISION. 

From Burlington there is a new and pleasant route, which forms the 
connecting link between Northern Vermont and the White Mountain 
region, extending from Lake Champlain to the Connecticut river, and 
from the Connecticut through the Crawford Notch to Portland. 

Passing, as it does, through the most romantic part of the State, in 
full view of the Adirondacks and almost the entire Green Mountain 
range, the scenery all along the route is varied, grand, and imposing. 
The road passes in full view of Mount Mansfield and Camel's Hump, 
rising 4000 feet, and overlooking the entire country between Mount 
Washington in New Hampshire, and Mount Marcy in New York. At 
Morrisville stages connect with trains for Stowe and Mount Mansfield, 
eight miles distant. 

From Morrisville we pass through Wolcott, Hardwick, Walden, and 
Danville to St. Johnsbury — the "model town " of New England. Under 

128 



PORTLAND AND OGDENSBURG R. R. LINE. 

Vermont Division. 



NEW AND ATTRACTIVE ROUTE 

BETWEEN 

LAKE CHAMPLAIN 

AND THE 

WHITE MOUNTAINS. 

The Only Line Running Cars Through 
without change. 

Arrangement of Trains for season of 1880, gives close connections between the following 
points : 

New York, Albany, Saratoga, Lake George, Plattsburg, 

Adirondack Mountains, Ogdensburg, Alexandria 

Bay, Montreal, Burlington; 

AND 

Mount Mansfield, Newport, White Mountains, North 
Conway, Portland, Old Orchard Beach, etc. 

For Information, Time-Tables, etc., address 

C. H. STEVENS, 

Gen'l Pass, Agent, 



A. B. JEWETT, 

Sup't. 



ST. JOHNSBUBY, YT. 



the wise and successful management of the Messrs. Fairbanks, St. 
Johnsbury has developed into the best governed and best educated vil- 
lage of New England. Here the railroad intersects the Passumpsic 
Eailroad, connecting for all points north and south — Montreal, New- 
port, Springfield, Boston, &c. In our Guide Book " From New York to 
the Summer Besorts of New England," we make further and more com- 
plete reference to this pleasant route. But we must not forget that some 
of our readers are on their way to Montreal, and we therefore pursue 
our northern journey through Essex, Milton, Georgia, and minor sta- 
tions to St. Albans. 

St. Albans. — This village is situated about two miles from and over- 
looks Lake Champlain. It is a town of about 7000 inhabitants, and 
was made famous during the rebellion by a Canadian raid. It is a cen- 
tral point for persons en route for Alburgh and Shelden Springs, and 
has a large and magnificent hotel— the " Welden House," Thomas La- 
vender, proprietor. 

We present, on the opposite page, a view of the Hotel and the fine 
Park on which it fronts, also a picture of the Eailroad Depot. Every 
traveler will find St. Albans a pleasant place to linger in for a day or a 
week. It certainly will gratify every one who has an eye for the beauti- 
ful, to obtain a sunset view from the hills which encircle the village. 
From "Aldis Hill," referred to in Norwood, we get a wide view of the 
Lake, a genuine page of Picturesque America. One beautiful Sabbath 
evening we visited this commanding eminence; the sky, with broken 
clouds, seemed like a sea crowded with golden islands, as if the lake 
itself were caught up and transfigured along the entire western horizon. 
The "children of the forest," who lived in sight of the Catskillsand the 
Adirondacks, caught a truer revelation than many of our own generation — 

"Of the islands of the blessed, 
And the land of the hereafter." 

There are no finer sunsets in the world than at Burlington and St. Al- 
bans. From the top of the Van Ness House at Burlington, Ave once saw 
the beautiful bay, with its wide expanse reflecting on earth the glory 
of heaven. St. Albans is three hundred and forty-two miles from New 

130 



York by the route we have indicated, via the Hudson Eiver, Saratoga, 
Eutland, and Burlington; two hundred and sixty-four miles from Bos- 
ton, and sixty-five miles south of Montreal. St. Albans is a natural 
centre to the tourist en route for Sheldon, Highgate,Alburgh Springs, etc. 

The Central Vermont Bailroad have a pleasant route to Ogdens- 
burgh, where a person can connect with steamers for Thousand Islands 
and return via St. Lawrence Eapids to Montreal. 

The Eapids. — The first rapid below Ogdensburgh is near Chimney 
Island; the next, the rapids of the Long Sault, nine miles in length. 
Here the river runs twenty miles an hour. Then the Coteau Eapids, 
below Grand Island; then the Lachine Eapids, below the town of La- 
chine, only nine miles from Montreal. 

AiiBUKGH Springs, is a pleasant resort for boating, shooting, and 
fishing, seventeen miles from St. Albans via this line. At Eouses Point 
connections are made with Lake Champlain steamers on the south, 
and Montreal on the north. Going north, via the direct line to Mon- 
treal, we pass through Highgate Springs, with its pleasant Franklin 
House, St. Johns, and towns of minor importance to 

Montreal, three hour's run from St. Albans, four hundred and twenty 
miles from New York. The city is built on an Island of the St. Law- 
rence. The Island being thirty miles in length and ten in greatest 
breadth. The Victoria Tubular Bridge is one of the " eight wonders" 
of the world, being two miles in length. The spans between the piers 
are about 250 feet, and the cost of the bridge was almost $7,000,000. 
The cars cross the bridge in about six minutes. There are many fine 
buildings in Montreal and much that will interest the tourist, which we 
will here indicate in brief. The Church of Notre Dame, was opened for 
public worship in 1829. The ceiling was elaborately gilded in 1876. It 
is said to have the largest bell on the continent, and is capable of seating 
10,000 people. The Church of the Jesuits is noted for its beautiful fres- 
coes, paintings and its musical services. The New Post- Office, the Bank 
of Montreal, the new City Hall, the Bonsecours Market, and the Custom 
House, will claim the attention of the visitor for the beauty and solidity 
of their architecture. 

132 



There are many Business houses in different branches worthy of men- 
tion, viz. : Savage, Lyman & Co. 's well-known Jewelry establishment, 
Gibb & Co., Merchant Tailors (established in 1775), Brown & Clagget's 
Dry-Goods house, &c. 

There are many fine drives about the city, especially to the summit of 
Mount Royal. This mountain, named by Cartier in honor of his king, 
gave the name to the pleasant city, and during the last few years has 
been laid out in an artistic and beautiful park. 

Windsok Hotel. — In the pleasantest part of the city, and fanned by 
the breezes of Mount Royal, is located the magnificent "Windsor," 
whose name is already favorably known in two continents. In fact, 
taken all in all, there is no finer hotel in the world. 




WINDSOB HOTEL, MONTEEAL, K. H. SOUTHGATE, MANAGES. 

This magnificent new hotel, unsurpassed in America for comfort and 
luxury, and incomparably the finest in Canada, occupies an airy site on 
Dominion Square, close to the breezy heights of Mount Royal. The 
appointments of the Windsor Hotel embody every modern invention for 
the safety and comfort of guests. The cuisine and service are carefully 
maintained at the highest standard of excellence, and no pains are spared 
to make the stay of visitors pleasant and enjoyable. Rooms with baths 
attached may be had singly or en suite. 

M3 



FROM NEW YORK TO SAN FRANCISCO. 

NEW YOKK TO PHILADELPHIA. 

Oub "Hudson by Daylight" guide has expanded slowly year by year, 
so that last season it reached Niagara Falls, Montreal, Harrisburgh and 
Pittsburgh, for we imagined that the traveler on the Hudson might occa- 
sionally go somewhere also, and it was our purpose to give him the 
full value of twenty-five cents. This season we feel constrained to give 
him twenty or thirty pages "Across the Continent," as the result of a 
three months visit. Our trip was via the Pennsylvania Railroad, and we 
hope to divide the journey up in readable sections of easy stages, and 
the first section we style " New York to Philadelphia, " and as we have 
not yet ref ered to Jersey City, which has the honor of guarding the west 
portal of the Hudson, we will say that it was originally known as Paulus 
Hook, was incorporated as a city in 1820, and is now a city of almost 
100,000 inhabitants. We took one of the two hundred trains which go 
daily to and fro over this division of the PennsylvaniaRailroad ; were 
whirled through 

Newark, at the rate of thirty or forty miles an hour, and would 
hardly have believed it was a city of 110,000 people if we had not 
seen the fact once in a Guide-book, and some years ago lingered an 
hour in its pleasant streets. It is situated on the right bank of the 
Passaic Pviver, about four miles from its entrance into Newark Bay ; was 
settled in 1666, and the site of the town purchased from the Indians in 
1667. In 1836 it was incorporated as a city. 

Elizabeth, fifteen miles from New York, is one of the pleasantest 
places of residence, and has grown rapidly during the past ten years. 
Population about 25,000. 

Passing through Linden and Railway, a city of about 7, 000, settled in 
1620, and we reach 

New Brunswick, located on the right bank of the Raritan River ; in- 
corporated 1794. The town was settled in 1730, by several Holland 
families from Albany, who imported their bricks, tile, &c, from the 

*34 



" Fatherland. " Population about 16,000 ; (seat of Rutger's College and 
the Theological Seminary of the Dutch Reformed Church). The next 
town of interest is 

Princeton, a pleasant place, two miles from Princeton Junction, one 
of the historic points of our country, where Washington, with a handful 
of men, out-generaled Cornwallis. The College of New Jersey is located 
at Princeton, and takes rank with Yale and Harvard, as one of the best 
and richest institutions of the land. 

Trenton, the capital of New Jersey, fifty-seven miles from New York, 
was settled in 1790, and incorporated in 1792. Population about 25.000. 
This was also the field of one of Washington's strategic battles. Where 
Washington, that memorable 8th of December, retreated across the Del- 
aware, and recrossed it again on the 26th, completely surprising and 
routing the enemy. Passing through Bristol and many smaller stations, 
we find ourselves in West Philadelphia, ninety-four miles from New 
York, " a run of two hours and five minutes." 

Philadelphia is a charming city, and possesses a happy combination 
of good qualities, perhaps in greater degree than any city in our country. 
It is full of historic landmarks, well laid out, well governed, has a good 
record for honesty and integrity, has more home-life and less boarding- 
houses than any city of its size ; is noted ^or its hospitality and business 
enterprise, and is said to have more of \She social and less of the artificial 
than other large cities. Perhaps there is something in the mild and gen- 
tle atmosphere, for it is said that the Indians who inhabited the country 
bordering on the Delaware were a superior and peaceful race. They 
were called the Lenni Lenapes, which means "the original people. " The 
city was laid out by William Penn, in 1682. The records of the Dutch 
settlers in 1623, and the Swedes in 1637, are full of interest to the stu- 
dent of our early history. Philadelphia was organized as a borough in 
1684, and on the 25th of October, 1701, it received a city charter. Among 
the old buildings still standing, we would mention Penn's Cottage, in 
Letitia Court, between Market and Chestnut, built in 1702. The old 
Swedes Church on Swanson street was built in 1700. Christ Church, on 
Second street, north of Market, whose chime of bells has perhaps "told 
more years and events " than any in our country, Independence Hall, 

135 



on Chestnut, between Fifth and Sixth streets, built in 1734. The old 
bell, with its prophetic inscription, 

' ! Proclaim Liberty through all the Land to all the Inhabitants thereof," 

is one of the "souvenirs" of '76, and Carpenter's Hall, where Patrick 
Henry made his immortal speech. During the Eevolution Philadelphia 
was regarded the centre of the United States, by virtue of its location and 
population, and Germantown and Brandywine, Bed Bank and Valley 
Forge, tell of the struggle, triumphs and disasters of a century ago. The 
public buildings, the parks and drives, show the enterprise of the last 
twenty-five years. 

Faikmottnt Pake: is known all over the world, and the views on the 
Schuylkill and "Wissahickon have been sketched and painted again and 
again. The Park encloses about three thousand acres. It will be re- 
membered that 450 acres of this park were set apart for the Centennial 
Buildings. The University of Pennsylvania is a beautiful building, and 
the new Masonic Temple is the finest edifice of the kind in the world. 
The population of Philadelphia is now about 800,000.. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad Company has offices at Broad and Chestnut 
Streets, at Ninth and Chestnut, and 116 Market street, where tickets are 
sold to almost every point in the United States. The station in West 
Philadelphia is well appointed, bright and cheerful, and the waiting 
rooms are a great improvement on the old style of depot architecture. 

FKOM PHILADELPHIA TO PITTSBUEG. 

We lingered one night at Philadelphia, and took in for the twentieth 
time, Independence Hall, with its venerable relics, and for the one hun- 
dred and fiftieth time, more or less, the pleasant show windows of Chest- 
nut street. Passing through Havreford and Bryn Maur, (a model of 
taste and beauty,) Bosemont, Villanova, Radnor, Wayne, Eagle, Keese- 
ville, Paoli, Downington, Brandywine, Coatesville, and other places in- 
dicated in the Official Guide, and we reach 

Lancasteb, sixty-nine miles from Philadelphia, located in the most 
fertile of the wealthiest agricultural counties in the United States. 

Franklin and Marshall College is located here, and the most flour- 
ishing Normal School in the State is at Millersville, only two miles dis- 
tant. Population of Lancaster about 25,000. 

136 



THE INGUSH PRESS ON AMERICAN MAGAZINE ILLUSTRATION. 

The beauty of the wood engravings in American Magazines is 
attracting the attention of the art-critics of the world. The fol- 
lowing recent notices of Scribkeb's Monthly and St. Nicholas, 
taken from papers of high standing in England, may be of interest. 

The London Graphic, 
Considered the best illustrated paper in the world, says in its issue 
of April 10, 1880: 

"We know of no English magazine which can in any way compete with 
Soeibneb's Monthly in the matter of illustrations. " 

The Q,ueen (March 13, 1880.) 

" Scbibneb's Monthly is remarkable for its illustrations, the peculiar 
excellence of which is due to the combination of artistic and mechanical skill. " 

The London Saturday Review. 
" The impartial critic who is asked where the best wood-cuts are pro- 
duced has, we fear, but one answer possible — neither in England, Germany 
nor France, but in America. " Eor the proof of the truth of this ' ' reluctant' 
admission," the Review asks "a comparison of any recent number of Scbib- 
neb's Monthly and the Comhill. " 

London Weekly Times (February 8, 1880.) 

' ' The midwinter number of Scbibneb's Monthly is a really magnificent 
triumph of American pictorial art and literary genius. There is no English 
magazine which in any way approaches " Sceibneb " for the beauty and 
variety of its illustrations, or the freshness and vigor of its test." * * 

Illustrated London News (February 7, 1880.) 
" This magazine is one of the marvels of the day, on account of the num- 
ber and beauty of the illustrations. " 

The Penny Illustrated Paper. 

"In the production of illustrated monthly magazines, New York is far 
ahead of London, Scbibneb's, with its inimitably finished gems of drawing and 
engraving, being still the wonder and admiration of the art world. " 



After leaving Lancaster we pass through Dillersville, Landisville, 
Mount Joy, Elizabethtown and Middletown, to 

Haekisbukgh, the capital of the State, a pleasant city and a great rail- 
road centre. The city is beautifully located ; on the north the Lebanon 
Valley, on the south the Valley of the Cumberland. The first settlement 
was made in 1725, by John Harris, a native of Yorkshire, England. It 
became the capital of the State in 1810. The capitol buildings occupy a 
beautiful position on the hill. The Halls of the House and Senate are 
well arranged and perfect in acoustic quality. The Library will well 




JLOCHIEIu BLOUSE, Harrisburg, Pa.— GEO. W. HUNTER, Profrietob. 

repay a visit. Population about 35,000. The best hotel is the Lochiel 
House, conveniently located in the very heart of the city. It is within 
five minutes' walk of the capitol, or the depot. 

The "Lochiel" is under the excellent management of Mr. Geo.W. Hun- 
ter. A view of the hotel is here presented, and we cordially commend 
it to the tourist and traveler. 

From Harrisburg the tourist will find pleasant excursions in many di- 
rections — one via York and Hanover Court House and Gettysburg. It 
will be remembered that York was at one time the capital of the nation, 

•38 



FROM NEW YOEK TO BALTIMORE AND WASHINGTON. 

VIA. HAERISBTTEG. 

Although the general course of this article is westward, we propose to 
insert a pleasant parenthesis by taking a run from Harrisburg to Wash- 
ington. To a person from New York or the New England States, the 
word " Gettysburg " sounds a long way off; whereas it is only five hours' 
run on the cars from Philadelphia to the most historic battlefield of the 
war, and it does not occur to the tourist en route for Washington, that it 
scarcely takes an hour longer to go via Harrisburg to the Capitol and 
have the opportunity of standing upon the field where the ''Boys in 
Blue," with desperate bravery, made their stand against some of the 
boldest charges recorded in history. Cemetery Hill, Round Top, Little 
Round Top and Seminary Ridge, are names not to be forgotten, and we 
advise every one to make themselves acquainted with these localities. 
The Soldiers' Monument is noble and artistic — perhaps the best speci- 
men of monumental art in this country. York, to which we have al- 
ready referred, is about one hour's run from Harrisburg. Gettysburg is 
about two hours, and it is certainly worth while, even in a busy life, to 
pay respect to the memory of those who died that our nation might live. 
Returning from Gettysburg to 

Hanover Junction — some fifteen or twenty miles — we pass through 
Glenrock, Freelands, Cockeysville, and Hollins, to 

Bai/ttmoee, known as the "Monumental City "—population about 
300,000. The best hotel is the Carrollton, presided over by Mr. F. W. 
Coleman, who is already recognized as among the leading "hotel men" 
of this country. If the well known leading proprietors of this country 
were to be counted on the "ten fingers," we would find among the ten 
the manager of the Carrollton. The hotel is admirably constructed— 
the most convenient and latest built in Baltimore. All lines of city pas- 
senger cars pass its doors. A large elevator runs continuously to all 
floors. 

The three principal features of interest to the visitor in Baltimore are 
the "Johns Hopkins University," the "Peabody Institute," and the 

139 



BARNES' PERIODICALS. 

* — — — 

INTERNATIONAL REVIEW. 

MONTHLY, One Year, $5- CO 

MAGAZINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY. 

MONTH-LY, One Year, $5.00 

BARNES' EDUCATIONAL. MONTHLY. 

One Year, $1.50 

A COMBINATION OFFER. 

International Review )■'.*. <k A riA 

... . . | M . > One Year $9,00 

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International Review 1 

Historical Magazine f One Year $9.50 

Educational MonthlyJ 



International Review ) „ A1 __ 
Educational Monthly \ One Year $bJ5_ 

Historical Magazine > Tr ^ r „r 
Educational Monthly J°» *««-$5.75 

BARNES' REVIEW, MAGAZINE, AND EDUCATIONAL MONTHLY.— Specimen copies 
of the three sent to any address, with a view to subscribing, on receipt of 45 cents in postage 
stamps ; or either, on receipt of 15 cents. Each takes high rank in its special sphere. 

ATLAS SERIES OF ESSAYS.-Paper Covers. 

JUST PUBLISHED. 
No. ll.-THEOLOCIICAL UNREST.— Discussions in Science and 

Keligion. S»i-lce, 35 cents. 

A collection of Essays, taking opposite sides on the so-called Questions at issue between 
Science and Religion, by James Anthony Feoude, Prof. P. G. Tait, of the University of Edin- 
burgh., and Dr. E. A. Washburn, of New York. 



No. Price. 

1. The Currency Question. By Amasa Walker. LL. D. ....... $0.20 

2. Men of Mark. Biographical and Critical Essays on Bryant, Longfellow, Poe, 

Charles Tennyson, Macaulay, Freeman, Curtius, Sumner, Ticknor, and Mill. 

By E. P. Whipple, E. A. Freeman, J. H. Ingram, NoAh Porter, and others. . .60 

3. The JLabor Qu esti on. Political and Social Essays on Co-operative Stores, Wages 

in England, &c. By Thomas Hughes, Thomas Brassey, Judge Cooley and 

others. . . .40 

4. The Centennial Exhibition. A Criticism. By Gen. Francis A. Walker. . .20 

5. European Exhibitions. By M. Gindriez, of Paris, and Prof. J. Morgan Hart. .20 

8. The Gold liooni, fetock Exchange, and Clearing House. Three Essays 

by KlNAHAN CORNWALLIS .20 

9. Higher Education. Essays by Dr. James McCosh, P. G.Hamerton and others. .40 
10. The Crisis in England. Rt. Hon. W. E Gladstone 10 



CREMATION. By an Eye-witness and a Christian minister. Illustrated. 
16rno, paper. 15 cents. 

EDUCATIONAL extra. 
THE NEW DEPARTURE IN COLLEGIATE CONTROL. 

By Prof. Mills, of Wabash College. 8vo., paper. 30 cents. 

*** Any of the above books or 'periodicals sent post-paid by mail, on receipt of price. For 
sale by booksellers and newsdealers. 

A. S. BARNES & CO.. Publishers, 111 and 113 William St., New York. 



"Park." The Johns Hopkins University is located in the heart of the 
city, but the j>rospective site of the College is some two miles distant. 
It is the best endowed university in our country, having some millions 
of dollars at its command. It has a fine corps of professors, and it is 
"prophetic of the future." 

The Peabody Institute was founded on the 12th of February, 1857, by 
George Peabody, of London, and endowed with a fund of $300,000. 
This fund has since been increased to $1,240,000. The Institute consists 




CARROLLTON HOTEL, BALTIMORE, MIX 
(Rates reduced to $3.00 and $2.50 per Day according to Location of Rooms.) 
F. W. Coleman, Manager. 
of five departments: 1. A Free Kef erence Library, in which the books do 
not circulate. 2. A Lecture Department, for which a small admission fee 
is charged. 3. A Conservatory of Music. 4. A Gallery of Art. 5. A 
Distribution of Premiums, amounting to 1200 a year, to the graduates of 
the public High School of the city and of the School of Design of the 
Maryland Institute. The collection of books was begun in 1861, and 
the Library now contains 67,000 volumes. The Library Hall is 84x70, 

140 



and 61 feet high. The alcoves rise in six stories, and is literally mirrored 
■with books. From Baltimore we continue our trip to 

Washington, -which every one ought to visit once, unless we except 
some of our Congressmen. It would be foreign to the purpose of this 
Guide to go into details. We have a right, however, to give advice as to 
the best hotel, which is the result not only of our own experience, but 
the experience of those that we have met in our ten years' pilgrimage. 
For central location, for the best cuisine, for the pleasantest rooms, the 
new Ebbitt House — a picture of which is here presented — stands with- 
out a rival in this "unrivalled city " of Washington. 

We hardly know whether we are glad or sorry that we have no 
statistics at hand of the Capitol, the Treasury Building, the White 
House, or the Patent Office. We are compelled to draw from memory; 
but like every other good "American," we consider the Capitol the finest 
building in the world, and we believe Charles Dickens admitted it. We 
believe that no other building in the world contains such growth of prac- 
tical ideas and display of greater ingenuity than the Patent Office. We 
believe that no ruler in the world has such a simple and democratic home 
as the President of the United States. We believe there is no Treasury 
Building in the world that represents more brain and muscle and pro- 
ductive energy. We believe that there is no Park more beautiful than 
the one between the Potomac and Pennsylvania avenue; and lastly, we 
believe in the "Washington Monument," as the crowning work of the 
Nation's Faith. This, in brief, is our "creed." 

Returning to Harrisburg, we have another pleasant excursion via the 
Northern Central Railroad to Ithaca, Elmira and Watkins' Glen. Going 
north from Williamsport, the tourist will find a pleasant resort at Min- 
nequa Springs. There is also much of interest about Ithaca. Watkins' 
Glen is known the world over. These beautiful "side attractions" 
make this the most popular route for Niagara. In fact, there is no 
finer round trip than this. Take the Day Boats up the Hudson, then 
to Niagara over the New York Central, returning via Watkins' Glen, 
Williamsport and Harrisburg to New York. 

From Haekisbubg- West. — The first station on the main line is 

141 




"M*&?y&n?%z^&g3zS&£ 



C. C. WILLARD, Proprietor. 



Board and Room at $3.00 and $4.00perDayI 

PARLOR AND ALCOVE ROOMS AT EQUALLY LOW RATES. 
BULL'S EYES, OR TOP FLOOR (Nice Rooms) AT $2.50 PER DAY. 

Army and Navy Officers at Special Rates. 

FOUR IRON FIRE ESCAPES. 

Splendid. JSTe-w Hydraixlio Elevator — Otis Bros. && Go's 
favorite and. "best jo"b. 

SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO PERSONS GOING TO AND RETURNING FROM FLORIDA. 



PEOPLE'S LINE 

NEW 




"DREW," 

Capt. S. J. Boe. 

Monday, Wednesday, Friday. 



" ST. JOHN," 

Capt. T. D. Christopher. 

Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday. 



From Pier 41, North River, 

South side of Canal Street,] AT (^y f.M. [Near Jersey City Ferry, Desbrosses St. 

Connecting at ALBANY with trains of the New York Central, for the West ; D. & H. C. Co's 
roads, for all points North; Albany and Susquehanna, for BINGHAMTON ; Boston & Albany 
and Boston i:oosac Tunnel & Western E. R., for the East. 

Leave Albany at 8.30 P. M a 

Or on arrival of trains from the North and West, change from cars to boat and enjoy a re- 
freshing night's rest on the Palace Steamers. 

Baggage Transferred Free between 11 Y. C. R. R. and Steamers at Albany. 

Arrive in New York early next Morning, in time to connect with all lines for the South and 
East, to Newport, Fall River, Boston, Coney Island, Manhattan Beach, Brighton Beach, Long 
Branch, Ocean Grove, Fire Island, Newark, Trenton, Burlington, Philadelphia, Baltimore, 
Washington, and an points South. 

BUY YOUR TICKETS "VIA" THE 

PEOPLE'S LI^TE! 

This is the reliable and popular route for Business Men, Tourists and Families, to 

Albany, Saratoga, Laie George, Late CoaiBlain, Scroon Late, 

AND THE ADIRONDACK REGIONS. 

JSp^The direct route for pleasure travel to all the fashionable resorts between 
the North, South, and West. 

TICKETS FOR SALE at all the Principal Railroad Ticket Offices in the EAST, SOUTH AND NORTH. 

STATEROOMS can be secured in advance by communicating by letter or telegraph with 

JNO.C. HEWITT, Gen'l Ticket Agent. I M. B. WATERS, Gen'l Pass. Agent. 

Pier 41, N. K., Foot of Canal St., New York. 



The Best Route to the 

CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. 

The Commodious and Elegant Steamers 

CITY OF CATSKILL, 

Capt. James Stead. 

ESCORT, 

Capt. Chas. Ru Ton. 

Leave NEW YORK from Pier 34, foot of Harrison Street, daily (Sundays excepted), at 6 P. M. 
Leave CATSKILL daily (Saturdays excepted), at 6 P.M. 

Fare to Catskill, ONE DOLLAR. Berths Free. 

Through Tickets from NEW YORK to any point in the Mountain 
Region at very low rates. 



The " City of Catskill " is a new steamer of the most approved construction, built in 
1880 specially for this line, and fitted up with all modern improvements and in the best style 
known to steamboat building. Her consort is well known as a favorite with the traveling public. 

Breakfast on board from 5.30 to 7 o'clock. 

Stages leave at 7 A.M. 

No charge for transferring baggage from boats to stages. 

Special attention paid to the transportation of Horses and Carriages. 

Direct telegraphic communication with all parts of the mountain region. 

N. B.— From July 1st to September 15th the Sunday night boat will leave Catskill at 7 P.M. 
instead of 6. 

Staterooms Becured in advance, or information obtained by application to 



WM. DONAHUE, 

Catskill, IT. "Z. 



Bockvelle, where we reach the Blue Bidge, the first of the great Al- 
legheny range. At this point we cross the Susquehanna Biver on a 
bridge almost four thousand feet in length. Passing through Marysville 
the first station in Perry County, we come to Duncannon, fourteen miles 
from Harrisburg. Here are extensive iron works ; the town has a pic- 
turesque location, population about one thousand. The Juniata flows 
into the Susquehanna about one mile above the village. The Island at 
the mouth of the river is known as Duncan's, and contained at one tim^ 
a large Indian town. 

The Bailroad now leaves the Susquehanna and follows the Juniata. 

Passing through Bailey's, Newport, Millerstown. Thompsontown, and 
Perrysville, we come to Mifflin, the county seat of Juniata County. 

Lewistown, the county seat of Mifflin County, is sixty- one miles from 
Harrisburg. It was settled in 1755, six years after the settlement of the 
village of Mifflin. This section suffered much from the Indians, and 
the local history of this county abounds with tales of cruelty and dar- 
ing. The Lewistown Narrows will be noticed by the tourist just 
before entering the town. Here the mountains rise abruptly more 
than a thousand feet. We now pass through McVeyton, a flourishing 
borough a short distance from the Bailroad, Newton Hamilton, near 
which the Juniata Valley Camp Meeting Association Grounds are loca- 
ted, Mount Union, at the entrance of Jack's Narrows, a wild and rugged 
gorge, Mapleton and Mill Creek, to 

Huntingdon, seat of Huntingdon County. The site of this town was 
surveyed in 1756. The scenery around it is very beautiful, and it is a 
compliment to the good taste of the Indians that they seemed to 
regard this place with special veneration. It is said that a stone 
column with strange heiroglyphics, fourteen feet high and six inches 
square, stood on the flat where Stone Creek enters the Juniata, aud it is 
believed that the stone was carried west by the tribes in 1755. It is also 
said that the name "Oneida," one of the Six Nations, means Standing 
Stone. Perhaps if the column could be discovered it would be as valua- 
ble as the celebrated Bosetta Stone, now in the British Museum, and we 
could set it up in some public square and have a Cleopatra's Needle of 
our own. Another stone was erected upon the spot by the white settlers 

H3 



ancl a part of it is now in possession of the Historical Society of Pennsyl- 
vania. Huntingdon was laid out by the Eev. Dr. "William Smith, and he 
named it in honor of the Countess of Huntingdon, who had contributed 
liberally to the University of Pennsylvania. Five miles north of the 
town are the "Warm Springs," with hotel accommodations for one hun- 
dred guests. About four miles distant are the Pulpit Rocks, isolated 
columns of sand stone, so called from their peculiar formation. Popula- 
tion of the Borough a little over three thousand. Passing through Pe- 
tersburgh, Barry, Spruce Creek, Union Furnace and Birmingham, we 
reach the next express station, 

Tyrone, 117 miles from Harrisburg. This town owes its existence and 
growth to the Pennsylvania Railroad, and is a large shipping point for 
Clearfield and Centre Counties. The Sinking Cave, near Tyrone, is a 
natural curiosity, and well worth a visit. A creek known as Sinking 
Creek, emerges from the Arch Spring, and then loses itself again and 
/again. It then enters a large cave and disappears, and no outlet for the 
stream has ever been discovered. Passing through Tipton, Fostoria and 
Bell's Mills, we come to 

Altoona, 131 miles from Harrisburg, 117 miles from Pittsburg. The 
location of the principal workshops of the Pennsylvania Railroad have 
created this flourishing city at the base of the Alleghenies. Its name is 
suggestive of altitude, and it is appropriately named, as it is located 
1168 feet above tide- water. The site of the city was selected in 1849, and 
its growth has been the most rapid of any on the route. Thirty years 
ago, the valley between Tyrone and Altoona, known as the Logan Valley 
was little more than a wilderness. In 1854 the celebrated "Logan 
House " was built, one of the finest hotels in our country. It is a pleas- 
ant place for the weary traveler to rest. The open station, built of iron, 
and paved with slate flagging, will at once attract the attention of the 
tourist, and indicates at once the prosperity and liberal management of 
the Railroad. The Company occupies 122 acres in the heart of the city. 
Population of Altoona a little over 10,000. 

Soon after leaving Altoona we commence the ascent of the mountain at 
a grade of ninety feet to the mile, but the track is laid with such skill 
that the cars wind up the mountain and around Kittaning Point without 

144 



a jar or jolt. The track seems as solid, as the old mountains themselves. 
The view from the " Horseshoe Curve " is grand in the extreme, and the 
view from the Summit a few miles beyond, takes in a wide range of 
mountain scenery. We are now two thousand feet above the tide, and 
are whirled through a tunnel 3612 feet in length, which brings us safely 
to the Western slope of the great range of mountains which for so many 
years interposed a barrier to western commerce. The old route is still 
in the memory of many travelers when the Portage Road with its in- 
clined plane was used to unite the eastern and western divisions — a tedi- 
ous trip, especially in the long winter nights when the winds howled 
through the mountain passes. Passing through Gallitzin we come to 

Ceesson, a popular summer resort. The fine hotel, its altitude 2,000 
feet — Springs of medicinal water, and fine drives, all contribute to 
make this one of the most attractive and healthful resorts on the route. 

Passing through Lilly's, Sonman, Portage, Wilmore, Summer Hill, 
South Fork, Yiaduct, and Mineral Point, we reach Conemaugh, at the 
base of the western slope of the Allegheny Mountains. We next pass 
through Johnstown, a prosperous borough with a beautiful location, at 
the junction of Stony Creek and Conemaugh River. The Cambria Iron 
Works located here, are said to be the largest in America. Population 
of Johnstown, a little over 6,000. Passing through Nineveh, New Flor- 
ence, and Bolivar, we come to Blair's Intersection, where connection is 
made for Indiana, a pleasant borough of four or five thousand inhabit- 
ants, county seat of Indiana County. Four miles from the Intersection 
we pass through Hillside, with its well-known "Great Bear Cave," a 
great " subteranean series of chambers," where persons can travel for 
miles. In fact, it has only been partially explored. 

Passing through Millwood, Berry, St. Clair, Latrobe, Beatty's, Comeys 
and George's, we come to 

Geeensbiirg, 217 miles from Harrisburg, 31 from Pittsburg. This 
county seat was named after General Greene, of the Revolutionary Ar- 
my. The town has a beautiful location, and is flourishing in these later 
years. This is the junction with the South-west Pennsylvania Railroad, 
which takes the traveler to 

Uniontown, the county seat of Fayette County, a pleasant and flour- 

HS 



ishing borough. The surrounding country is charming, and speaking 
from the experience of two visits during the last six months, we know of 
no place better suited for a pleasure and health resort. One pleasant 
morning we drove over the old Braddock Eoad, known in brief, as " the 
Pike," and had a fine view from the mountain summit. This is the Brad- 
dock country, and the old hero's grave is close to the road, about ten 
miles from Uniontown. "We also had the pleasure of taking a drive to 
California, some sixteen miles distant, with Professor Cooke, County 
Superintendent of Fayette, on a visit to the Normal School. 
The country in south-western Pennsylvania abounds in mineral resour- 




SEVEJTTH AVE. HOTEL, Pittsburg.-E. J. UNGEK & CO. , Prop's. 

ces, and possesses a charming climate. Eeturning to Greensburg, we 
pursue our route west through Penn, Irwin, Carpenter, Wall, Brinton, 
Braddocks, Copeland, Hawkins, Swissvale, Wilkinsburg, Homewood, 
Liberty, Shadyside, Millvale and Lawrenceville, to 

Pittsburg, 248 miles from Harrisburg, 345 from Philadelphia, 4M 
from New York. This city was incorporated as a borough in 1804, and a 
city charter was granted in 1816. Steam navigation in 1811 made her 
the centre of a large trade, and her growth was sure even before she was 
known as the Iron city. Allegheny City, on the west side of the Alle- 
gheny River, is connected with Pittsburg by three fine bridges. The 

146 



city reminds one something of Glasgow, and is still beautiful, though 
smoke-stained by the soft coal here used in the iron works and in private 
residences. It is said there is no more healthful city in America. The 
public buildings are numerous and imposing. The educational facilities 
good, and in every particular deserves to rank second to Philadelphia. 
The best hotel is the Seventh Avenue Hotel, a cut of which is here giv- 
en. It is centrally located, only five minutes walk from the depot, and 
is now flourishing under the care and direction of a well-known and de- 
servedly popular landlord, formerly of the Keystone Hotel Company. 

FROM PITTSBUEG TO CHICAGO. 

VIA PITTSBUEG, FOET WAYNE AND CHICAGO EAELEOAD. 

From this point west we are compelled to be more definite, as we find 
we are limited to fifteen or twenty pages. Passing through Rochester, 26 
miles west of Pittsburg and New Brighton, along the banks of the Ohio 
River, we soon find ourselves in the Buckeye State. Then through Alli- 
ance, Massilon, Orrville and Mansfield to Crestline, the highest point on 
the Fort Wayne Road, Here is a fine hotel and restaurant, which we 
can commend t6 the traveler as one of the best in the country. From 
Crestline we pass through Forest and Lima to Fort Wayne, 320 miles 
west of Pittsburg. Columbia, Warsaw, Plymouth, Wanatah. Liverpool, 
and other towns and villages, with names familiar to the traveler, in Ohio, 
we passed through in the night and arrived at Chicago at 6:20 in the 
morning. We learned that the land in the eastern part of Ohio was worth 
from $75 to $100 j>er acre, and that it was not only a fine farming country 
but also enriched by coal deposits. In the eastern part freestone crops 
out along the hillsides, but in the western part of the State we see what 
is known as the Ohio limestone. The towns looked prosperous and flour- 
ishing for the most part, and we found the Pittsburg and Fort Wayne 
Railroad a worthy continuation of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Some 
years ago, on a trip to Chicago, we took one of the northern routes via 
Albany and Rochester, but we believe that the route via Philadelphia and 
Pittsburg is pronounced the pleasantest for all seasons of the year, and 
the courtesy which the traveler receives, is in marked contrast with some 
of the competing lines. 

H7 



Chicago. — The traveler will find it to his pleasure and comfort to lo- 
cate here for a few days, and note the enterprise of this marvellous city. 
It seems impossible that a city of six hundred thousand should have 
grown up in the last thirty years, a city even more compactly built than 
London or New York. And in no feature is the enterprise of its people 
so marked as in the various hotels that seem to have attained perfection 
not only in beauty of architecture, but also in excellence of management 
and perfection of cuisine ; and we venture to say, and we have tried 
at least three of them, there is no pleasanter hotel between the Windsor, 
of New York, and the Palace of San Francisco, than the Geand Pacific 
of Chicago. The tourist who desires to see life and study human na- 
ture, will find no better point of observation than the grand Office and 
Exchange of this hotel. Here the tourist from every country, the mer- 
chant, the man of business, all gather, and the whole life of this great 
continent seems to ebb and flow through the great corridors. It is pro- 
nounced the most elegantly furnished hotel in America. The building 
is massive, symmetrical and graceful in appearance, a monument of solid- 
ity, and one of the greatest ornaments of this beautiful and rapidly in- 
creasing'city. 

FROM CHICAGO TO OMAHA, 

VIA CHICAGO AND NORTH-WESTERN RAILROAD. 

We left Chicago Tuesday morning, the 25th of March, and now felt 
that we were really "off." We had spent eight days thus far, en route, 
stopping here and there by the wayside, but now we were really started 
for the Mississippi, the Missouri, and the Pacific. Passing through the 
pleasant suburbs of Chicago, through Cook and Du Page Counties, we 
come to Geneva, a, beautiful town of 2,000 inhabitants. St. Charles and 
Batavia are flourishing towns near at hand. Ashton, 84 miles from Chi- 
cago, was the scene of many thrilling incidents during the Black Hawk 
war. Dixon, 98 miles from Chicago, on Bock Biver, is a city of seven 
thousand inhabitants, and this part of the State is called the "Western 
Eden." A little more than an hour's run # from Dixon, or 137 miles west 
of Chicago, we reach the Mississippi Biver, and cross a magnificent iron 

148 



MANSION HOUSE, 

Oor. BROADWAY & HUDSON AVE,, 

W. THOMPSON, - - - Proprietor, 
.A.Il.IB.A.lSr^ 3ST- ^5T. 

One Block and a-half from Steamboat Landing, 

And on the direct route to all the Railroad Depots, which are only one and a-half blocks north 

of the House. You do not need to take any of the so called " Free Omnibuses " ; 

we are so near the Depots and Boats we need no Omnibus. 



Our Terms are only $2 per day— not $3 or $4— and on settling 

your bills there are no "extras" for Omnibus 

Fa r e or Porters. 



The Proprietor will spare no pains to make the traveling public comfortable, and the 
House home-like, and those who desire a comfortable and pleasant stopping-place will find it 
at this House. 

The Proprietor only desires to accommodate those who desire a good, substantial Hotel and 
pleasant Rooms, as the price will intimate — not those who prefer show to comfort. 

This House has been newly furnished and refitted throughout, and in connection will be 
found 

Baruer-Shop, Billiards, Batn-Rooms, Bar, and Stalling. 



WARM SUPPER FOR FIFTY CENTS 

On the arrival of the Boat, and ample time left to reach 
SARATOGA and NIAGARA TRAINS. 



bridge in length 4.219 feet. On the western bank of the river we halt at 
the flourishing city of Clinton, population 11,000. Continuing our jour- 
ney we pass through Camanche, De Witt, Mechanicsville and Lisbon, to 
Mount Vernon, the location of the Cornell College of the West. We are 
now in Linn County, celebrated for legends and stories in Indian days, 
and one of the prophecies now written in verse seems rapidly in course of 
fulfillment : 

" In the fullness of time, -with ^dngs shall come 
An angel race from the rising sun; 
Myriad in numher, like light in their thought, 
Time shall not end till their destiny's wrought, 
And grace and prosperity with them shall reign." 

Perhaps the descendants of the old Indian prophets failed to recognize 
the "angel race" in the form of the Western Pioneer, but one thing is 
certain, they have angel descendants, for we saw them now and then at 
the stations, and here and there in stray buggies with seats " just wide 
enough for two." 

Cedar Bapids, 219 miles west of Chicago, is one of the most impor- 
tant cities in Iowa, located at the head of the Eapids on Cedar Eiver, a 
manufacturing town in the heart of a fertile and well-settled country. 
Blairstown, 244 miles from Chicago, is a town of 1,500 people, in Benton 
county. The surrounding country is well watered and productive. Ta- 
ma, 270 miles from Chicago, is built on the north bank of the Iowa Biv- 
er, a town of 2,000 inhabitants. We next pass through Boone County, 
well watered and well wooded, to Glidden, 389 miles west of Chicago, a 
section known as the " Sportsman's Paradise," abounding with all sorts 
of game. The next station is Carroll, 396 miles from Chicago, in Carrol 
county, one of the finest counties in Iowa, whose rich, alluvial soil we 
saw fresh in furrow that pleasant afternoon. The season here is at least 
three weeks earlier than in Pennsylvania, and four or five weeks earlier 
than in New York State. Six miles west of Carroll we reach what is 
known as the Big Divide, or the water-shed between the Mississippi and 
the Missouri. Arcadia is the next station, and twelve miles from this 
point is "Wall Lake," fourteen miles in circumferance, entirely sur- 
rounded by a wall, which is said to suggest the work of human hands. 

Dinsmore, 424 miles west of Chicago, is the county seat of Crawford 

150 



County, in the beautiful valley of the Boyer Biver. At Woodline we 
reach the wide valley of the Missouri Biver, and on an elevated bluff 
across the river we soon see the city of Omaha, crowned with its magni- 
ficent High School building. It speaks well for our Western civilization 
when we find the Public School buildings the pride* and ornament of 
their towns and cities. 

Council Bluffs, 488 miles from Chicago, is situated, as it were, in 
the gorges of the bluffs, and has not from the railroad the sitely appear- 
ance of Omaha ; but when visited, it is found to be a finely built and 
flourishing city. The site of this city was selected by the great gypsy 
procession of many wived elders, who style themselves the "Latter Day 
Saints;" but fortunately for Iowa, they soon moved bag and baggage to 
the great valley of Salt Lake. Council Bluffs is the great transfer 
station, and the scene in the baggage room at the hour of weighing and 
checking the baggage is interesting to a person who wishes to study 
traits of character in his fellow passengers. But the system is admira- 
bly arranged, and so carefully supervised, that no mistakes are made. We 
spend here one hour. Found an excellent breakfast in the dining room 
connected with the depot. The population of Council Bluff is above 
10,000, and the city is rapidly growing. 

Omaha, not so much a rival as a twin brother, is four miles distant, or 
two miles from Council Bluff station. We cross the Missouri Biver on 
a magnificent bridge, half a mile in length, with approaches of a mile, 
and find ourselves in the pleasant depot of the live town of Nebraska. 
The city now claims a population of 24,000, and it seems like a dream 
when we read that the first "claim cabin was built here in 1854," and 
that twenty-five years ago the first post-master of Omaha used his hat for 
a post office. The present Post Office and Court House building cost 
$350,000. Here are located the general offices of the Union Pacific 
Bailroad Company — a company that employs about 5,000 men. From 
this point west we will measure our distance from Omaha. 

Eleven o'clock A. M. , our train is off. We had reached at Omaha an 
altitude of 966 feet. From this point our motto is Upward and On- 
ward. Passing these beautiful prairie lands and little villages, some 
of them hardly ten years old, but with evidence of thrift and prosperity, 
■we come to x ^ x 



Elkhorn, 28 miles from Omaha, with an elevation of 1,150 feet. Here 
■we get our first view of the Platte River to the South. Crossing the 
Elkhorn, which some years ago was suddenly stocked with a carload of 
fish, which here emptied itself on its way to California, and passing 
through the "Valley," whose surrounding country is well filled with 
wind-mills, a peculiar feature, by the way, of Iowa, to the timber from 
the East — and through Eiverside we come to 

Fremont, 46 miles from Omaha, the county seat of Dodge County, 
with a population exceeding 3,000, fine location at the junction of the 
Elkhorn and Platte Valleys. Columbus, 91 miles, altitude 1,432 feet, at 
junction of Loup Fork and Platte Valleys. Thus far, in Nebraska, we 
have found a fine country — in fact, farms too prolific to be harvested, 
great fields of oats ungathered from last season, corn fields husked last 
fall, but the stalks still standing — farmers plowing by machinery which 
resemble a Buckeye mower. The telegraph wires, which farther East 
seem like the wires of an immense harp, are now reduced to a couple of 
strings, the fields are unf enced, the prairie on every side seems eloquent 
of the future, rich with the possibilities of the coming century, the little 
towns have a family resemblance, and we hardly read their names in the 
Guide Book — Clark, Lone Tree, Chapman, Grand Island, Alda, Wood 
Biver, Shelton, have all glided East. "We are 180 miles west of Omaha. 
The Platte Biver, three miles to the south, is just seen in the gathering 
twilight. We reach Kearney Junction, altitude 2,150 feet, and now we 
see our first Prairie Eire. The whole horizon on the South seemed at 
first like the encampment of a great army reaching for miles along the 
horizon. We came nearer until it seemed like a great burning city ; 
nearer still and it seemed then what it really was, and which no language 
can describe, a rushing, whirling, unrestrained fire, one hundred miles 
in extent, suggestive of the fury of the elements, compared with which 
the force of man seemed weak and futile. The dark smoke reflecting the 
glare gives a lurid glow, and it would require no stretch of the imagina- 
tion to feel that a person were near the edge of Pandemonium. We lay 
for hours in our berth looking out upon the glowing plain, and fell 
asleep to see it still pictured in our dreams. We passed during the 
night, through Plum Creek, a place distinguished for many conflicts with 

152 



the Indians while the railroad was being built. Willow Island, where 
the Grand Duke Alexis enjoyed a lively Buffalo hunt. We passed 
through McPherson and Gannett, and the Valley of ihe Platte River 
where, it is said, cattle and horses "can be grown and kept the year 
round without hay." We passed through North Platte, with its far 
famed Chimney Rock, which we have to take on trust, as it was 2 A. M. , 
and we were sound asleep. Passing through minor Stations we reached 

Sidney, about half-past seven, where we found a good breakfast. 
After taking our seat in the train we were all stirred up to a good pitch 
of enthusiasm by the statement that the engineer had seen a Buffalo that 
morning, but our enthusiasm was slightly cooled when we learned after- 
ward that the Buffalo was cooked. We are now 414 miles from Omaha 
and 4,073 feet above the sea. Our Guide Book thus far abounds with 
more Antelopes, Coyotes and Prairie Dogs, than one is liable to see from 
the car windows, but we are assured by the old traveler that they are 
all there except the Buffaloes. At Hillsdale we obtain our first view of 
the Black Hills of Wyoming. We are now nearing 

Cheyenne, known as the " Magic City of the Plains," 516 miles from 
Omaha, elevation 6,041 feet. « This is the largest town en route 
between Omaha and Salt Lake. Here some of our Eastern friends 
turn aside to Denver, which we will refer to on our return trip, 
as we oiily stop in our Western trip 30 minutes for dinner. Chey- 
enne is also the best point of departure for the Black Hills. 
Passing our way westward we rise rapidly the remaining two thou- 
sand feet of the Rocky Mountains, pass to Sherman, the highest 
point on the great railroad that spans the Continent, 8,242 feet above the 
sea. We get out a moment to try the rarity of the air, and we are free 
to say that we would not care to run more than a mile the first day of 
our arrival. Crossing the Date Creek Bridge, two miles west of Sher- 
man, we see, on our left, the great Laramie Plains. Fourteen miles 
west of Sherman we reach Red Buttes, having descended almost one 
thousand feet. The formations on the right have peculiar shape, and 
have probably been named again and again by the traveler. One looks 
like a peacock, and two or three like the witches of Macbeth. 

Laramie, the next station, is one of the largest en route ; population 

153 



3,000, and known as the " Gem City of the Mountains." Poetry seems 
to be indigenous in this western clime, and we see that we are gradually 
nearing the Golden Gate. Passing through Wyoming and a number of 
minor stations, well decorated with wind-mills and Indians, we come to 
Creston, and reach the "summit of the divide which separates the wa- 
ters of the oceans." A few miles further and we come to remarkable 
formations, conspicuous among which are Castle Rock and the Twin Sis- 
ters. Green River, 846 miles from Omaha, we remember for its speci- 
mens of petrified shells, fossil fish and moss agates, and also a well fur- 
nished table, which the traveler always appreciates. Fifty miles from 
this point we cross a high ridge of the Wintah Mountains, and pass 
through long sections of well-constructed snow sheds. At Aspen we 
reach the altitude of 7,835 feet, the second highest elevation on the road. 
Evanston, 957 miles from the Missouri, is a town of 1,500 people, an4 
we have still in mind a picture of the "Mountain Trout Hotel." The 
section about Evanston abounds with Mormons and game, and at the 
hotel we find a score of "Chinamen " waiters, who certainly know how to 
take care of a table. Thirteen miles from Evanston we enter Echo 
Canon, and standing on the platform of the car we take in the panoroma 
of grandeur. Down through Castle Rock station, and Hanging Rock, 
past the Thousand Mile Tree and the Devil's Slide, our train glides on 
rapid grade through Weber Valley and along the Weber River, to Ogden. 
I stood two hours with pencil in hand, but did not attempt to make a 
note or observation. On my return trip, by the way, I succeeded in 
noting some points that may, perhaps, be of interest to the reader, and 
still, in the midst of scenery like this, we remember the old Spanish 
proverb : " Speech is silver, silence is golden." We stopped at Ogden 
one hour, long enough to know that it has a fine eating-house, and also 
to learn that it was more of a Mormon town than Salt Lake City, as here 
five-sixths of the people are "Latter day Saints," while in Salt Lake 
hardly one-half enjoy this proud distinction. The trip from Ogden to 
Salt Lake was very enjoyable, although the car was not luxurious, the 
beautiful evening, the clear atmosphere, which converted ones eyes into 
telescopes and made mountains twenty miles distant almost near enough 
to touch, the Great Salt Lake bathed in the glory of sunset, left little 

*54 



room for other thoughts, and we lived out of doors all the way for 40 
miles, forgetting that in the very next seat in front of us sat one of the 
elders of Zion, harrassed perhaps with a difficult question, what roof 
was to shelter his defenceless head that night, a subject on which our 
own mind was comparatively clear, as there are only two really first- 
class hotels in Salt Lake, and they are both proprietored by the same 
man. Our choice, therefore, was Hobson's, and perhaps the Mormon's 
wasn't. 

Salt Lake City has a beautiful location, altitude about 4,000 feet, and 
completely surrounded by mountains which, in our mind, have the most 
beautiful outlines of either the Kooky, Wahsatch or Sierra Navada 
Ranges. "When we saw them they were entirely capped with snow, and 
we understand that snow is seen on one of the peaks the entire summer 
through. The streets are wide, in fact almost too wide for so small a 
town. The population, if we remember correctly, is about 20,000. It 
seems to be flourishing, but has none of the sense of thrift which belongs 
to an Eastern city. Individuals seem to lack enterprise. In fact the 
town is troubled with too much corporation. Its religion seems to have 
become a matter of business, and the principal points of the sermons 
consist of injunctions to pay the tithes. We saw the great organ, and 
heard its sweet music. We saw the New Temple, and Endowment 
House. We had a Mormon Guide, who was a Scotchman, and had vari- 
ous views of his own, and talked quite freely of the abuses of the Church. 
He said the Elders could say what they wished, the "much married wo- 
men fought like cats." We saw Brigham Young's grave already con- 
verted into a lot for empty oyster cans, old bottles and other refuse ware. 
The lot contained a few other mounds, members of his family, but not 
a single head stone. We saw two well-dressed Mormon women, one, 
the last and favorite wife of the great Leader, and another individual, 
who created the last " sensation. " The prevailing dress of the " Female 
Saints " seemed to be a dingy black, without a frill or ruffle. The great 
Co-operative Store seems always busy, but other establishments are be- 
ginning to flourish, and the power of the Gentiles is being felt. But 
bad as the picture is here in this fair city of Zion, it must be remem- 
bered that the life of the 200,000 Mormons of rural Utah, is still more 

155 



deplorable. It must be remembered that this is their Jerusalem — but 
go out through the borders and see the misery of those -who are crowded 
in " one-room dwellings." Surely civilized life has no such parody and 
stain as seen in this distant territory. The drives about the city are very 
pleasant — particularly to Camp Douglas and the Sulphur Springs. The 
Walker House is a pleasant hotel, well kept, complete in all its appoint- 
ments, in fact the best between Denver and San Francisco, and Salt 
Lake is without doubt the best place to rest, on the entire route. Re- 
turning to Ogden we pursue our Western journey. 

The Central Pacific Railroad. Taking the "Silver Palace Cars" 
of the Central Pacific we are soon off for the great American Desert, and 
soon pass Promontory Point, where the last tie was laid, and the last 
spike driven, May 10, 1869. How much has been accomplished in ten 
years ? It hardly seems possible that this well-equipped road, in fact 
the smoothest and best ordered on the continent, has been completed 
only one decade. How much our country owes to the sagacity of the 
men who projected this great enterprise from San Francisco to Ogden, 
and from Ogden to Omaha. It sometimes seems to us that the most 
dramatic thing in history is the account of the great . railroad wedding, 
and the driving of that last spike, and we call up the sentiment of Yictor 
Hugo or Cariyle, written long before it was accomplished — viz : That a 
grander event than another Waterloo, would be a "hand of granite" 
from New York pointing West with the word "San Francisco," and 
another in San Francisco pointing East " New York " — and we will add 
by way of parenthesis, that the Pennsylvania Railroad, not only has the 
best route, but the best rock, in which to cut the "granite hand." On 
through desolate sand wastes and serrated mountains, which form pic- 
tures never to be forgotten — through Elko, where the traveler will find a 
good breakfast. The Wahsatch and Humboldt Ranges keep us stead- 
fast company, and we feel thankful to the person who called the Hum- 
boldt the "Ruby. Mountains." It seems to plant a little poetry and 
sentiment in this desert of sage and alkali. It is indeed a vast and deso- 
late land, a plain that looks like some dried up sea— and now, as we read 
the lines of Joaquin Miller's " Ship of the Desert," we realize the truth 

of his vivid description — 

1J6 



The solemn silence of that plain 

"Where unmanned tempests ride and reign, 

It awes and it possesses you, 

'Tis, Oh, so eloquent. The blue 

And bended skies seem built for it, 

With rounded roof all fashioned fit, 

And frescoed clouds, quaint wrought and true. 

Some silent red men cross your track, 
Some sun-tanned trappers come and go, 
Some rolling seas of buffalo 
Break, thunder-like, and far away 
Against the foot-hills beating back, 
Like breakers of some troubled bay, 
But not a voice the long, lone day. 

A wide domain of mysteries, 
And signs that men misunderstand ; 
A land of space and dreams ; a land 
Of sea, salt lakes, and dried up seas. 

Winnemucca. We are now within 4=63 miles of San Francisco, named 
after the chief of the Piutes. We met at this place a talkative Indian, a 
rare sample. He had traveled west, he said, to a " heap water, " where 
there were great boats that went with wheels, and east as far as Salt 
Lake City. His description of the Saints was "unique and brief. He 
said : " Heap women, heap children." The noble red man is not an im- 
pressive object at short range. He looks better in pictures and novels 
than in his every day clothes. The wigwam is more poetic in Cooper than 
at Winnemucca. We saw one in a " Beaver Hat," of an antique pattern, 
and he seemed to consider it the principal part of his accoutrement. 
Some supplies, we remember, were handed off a few stations back, and 
we saw the "Big Indian" load up his "spouse," first an army blanket 
on her shoulders, then a horse saddle, then a bag on this, well filled 
with something, and on top of this a Pappoose, hanging on for dear life, 
and the noble red man smoked peacefully and the procession moved on. 
We had some of them for traveling companions most of the way. They 
are allowed to ride free on the platforms of the cars, and they seem to 
consider the railroad a very good institution. It is something to see the 
primeval Indian on his native heaths. The babies tied up like mummies, 
are visible at the rate of ten cents, and the mothers drive sharp bargains 
with travelers for a glimpse of the "Pappoose." Passing through Rose 
Creek, Baspberry and Mill City, we come to 

Humboldt, the " oasis of the desert." Here we see the first tree since 

l S7 



leaving Ogden. In front of the hotel a beautiful fountain is playing, and 
gold fish enjoying the spray in the basin below. Surely the proprietors 
of Humboldt House receive the hearty and -warm thanks of every trav- 
eler on the Plains — and by the way, the table is worthy of the surround- 
ings. Here we find a garden, and quite a thrifty orchard, but it costs 
much time, trouble and money, to make a wilderness like this bud and 
blossom with fruit and flowers. In front of this hotel, if we rememher 
correctly, is a high mountain, known as Stark Peak, about 10,000 feet 
high. The altitude of Humboldt is 4,236 feet above the sea. Passing 
through Eye Patch and Oreana, we pass westward between the Antelope 
Range and the Humboldt to Lovelocks. The Humboldt River at this 
point seems to be wandering about like a lost child. Passing through 
Granite Point, Brown's and White Plains we come to Mirage, where vis- 
ions of lakes and mountains are sometimes seen, like those recorded in 
the "Ship of the Desert," from which we have just quoted. Passing 
through Wadsworth, a live station of 400 inhabitants, and crossing the 
Truckee River, we come to 

Reno, 293 miles from San Francisco. We are now rising the eastern 
slope of the Sierra Nevada. Passing through Verdi and Truckee, of 
which we will speak on our return trip, we soon reach the summit, 
emerging from the snow, sheds the view is grand in the extreme, for 
while there are mountains in other parts of the world, we never realized 
what the word "slope " meant, until we saw the great canons of the 
Western Sierras, and their walls of living green. At Cape Horn we 
stopped a moment to take in the extended view, and picked up a pebble 
as " souvenir. " This point is said to be 2,000 feet above the river. The 
streams used in placer mining will interest the Eastern traveler, his 
first "presentment " of the land of gold. Passing through Colfax, where 
we breakfasted, Grass Valley, Nevada, we come to Auburn, and now the 
eye is busy on every side, for we are in a new country — a land of sum- 
mer, and only one thousand feet ahove the Pacific. Passing through 
Sacramento, with its fine Capitol Building and pleasant streets; and 
Stockton, which reminds us more of an Eastern town than, any other 
west of Omaha, we come to 

Latheop, which we remember especially, for its good dinner, and 

i S 8 



large bear in a cage, near the platform. The valley of the Sacramento is 
literally carpeted with flowers, or at least it was the first of April last, 
and it seemed as if we were fairly precipitated from desert sands into a 
land of beauty. Passing through Oakland, embowered in trees, and on 
over the long dock, we take ferry of seven miles across the beautiful Bay, 
and remark quietly to ourselves, Across the Continent. The sun was 
saying so too, for the many thousandth time, as it lit up the Golden Gate 
with beauty borrowed from the sky. 

"Well, how do you like San Francisco?" is the first question that 
greets the visitor, and the first question for us to answer. Perhaps we 
have answered it already more than a hundred times, and unless there 
happened to be a fog or a gusty afternoon, we have met the enthusiastic 
question with responsive enthusiasm. It is, in fact, gratifying to the av- 
erage American to know that the people of San Francisco rival Boston 
in their love for their own city, and in this way, with Chicago for a cen- 
tre, manage to keep the " teter-board " of the continent moderately level. 
The city has been accustomed to flattery, and it deserves it. To have 
accomplished so much in thirty years — to have gathered together 300,000 
people from every quarter of the globe, to have organized order out of 
chaos — to build and support the " Palace Hotel " of the world — to con- 
vert a sand lot into business streets, and plant mansions on the summits 
of almost inaccessible sand-hills — to have accomplished this and much 
more beside in these few years, are facts hard to realize, as we stand here 
to-day and find the work completed, or rather, still going on. ^Yes, we 
like San Francisco, and perhaps it is not much worse than other cities of 
the same size in other States, east of the Mississippi, but there are some 
things which it might be well to dispense with. And the people who cry 
out to let the Chinaman go, would do well to close up one alley which 
leads past barred windows and open doors of which Dante never dreamed 
and Talmage never preached. 

But we have no time to elaborate ; we visited the schools, pronounced 
as good as the eastern public school system ; we visited the commercial 
houses ; we saw a steamer off for Japan ; we visited the new Court House 
— a "white elephant" when painted, about half as large as the new Cap- 
itol, in Albany ; we succeeded after long and patient inquiry, in discov- 

*59 



ering three of the most prominent churches, but noticed that the people 
were so absent minded that they hired their pews in the California Thea- 
tre ; we picked a sprig of ivy from the grave of Thomas Starr King, un- 
der the shadow of the church which he organized, and here and there we 
found persons who spoke kindly of him, and remembered his soul-stirring 
eloquence, but the memory of men soon passes away in this kaleidoscopic 
condition of society. People here seem to feel intensely the supreme 
power of the present tense, caring little for the past, and like Macbeth, 
"jumping the life to come." Here money is king, and it is perhaps nat- 
ural that it should be in a land of gold and silver. And it is not at all 
unusual to find men, and women too, discussing the value of stocks and 
counting up their profits and losses on fingers well loaded with diamonds. 
In a state of sudden changes it is quite possible that society should be a 
little mixed, and perhaps jewelry is worn slightly iu excess, but persons 
need some clothing, even in a warm climate, and every little helps, even 
at a fashionable dinner, or an evening party. 

After lingering about two weeks in San Francisco, we resumed our 
travels, by taking steamer to Santa Barbara, a voyage of 360 miles down 
the coast. We averaged ten knots an hour, and arrived at 5 o'clock on the 
afternoon of the 1st of May. We were met at the landing by friends from 
the Hudson, and still remember with great pleasure that two days' visit 
— the quiet boarding-house, half covered with roses, or, to verge on the 
poetical, rose embowered in reality, as well as in memory, owned by Mr. 
and Mrs. Dugdale, formerly of Baltimore, a quiet, home-like place, which 
I here particularly mention as a pleasant house, or semi-hotel, for the 
visitor to tarry in, either in pursuit of rest, health or pleasure. 

Santa Barbara is well styled the Palestine of America — a combination, 
of mountain, sea and valley, with here and there vineyard hills and 
groves of orange trees, olive and pomegranate. The Rev. Mr. Hough, 
formerly from Jackson, Mich., and a Yale graduate, drove us all day 
through this charming country, and we wish we had time and space for 
a special chapter on "Santa Barbara." 

From this place we took private conveyance to Ojai (pronounced the 
O-hi), one of the most healthful valleys in' the State — and here we 
met by chance, a number of Dutchess County people in pursuit of health. 

160 



The valley is held in a half-circle ,of the To-Pa Mountains, and com- 
pletely sheltered from the sea breezes, Mr. McKie's cottages and hotel 
have a delightful location, situated in a beautiful grove of live oaks miles 
in extent. The valley seems Arcadian in its character, and here we 
found a real Sabbath, and as California elsewhere seemed to be without 
a Sunday, here the days seemed in their quiet character, a succession of 
Sundays without a week-day. 

From this point we continued our journey to Newhall, passing a fam- 
ous Castilian Ranche, where we had our first full taste of the beauty of an 
orange grove. Moreover, the fruit was picked fresh from the tree by the 
hands of a sweet Castilian girl, and we thought that the day might not 
be far distant when she might pick orange blossoms from the same tree, 
and listen to the old, old story, which six thousand years have not been 
able to wear thread-bare. At Newhall we found a new hotel, kept by a 
Mr. Field, of Wallingf ord, Conn. , a pleasant village near New Haven, 
familiar in College days, and here we will say that California, although 
separated from the east by great mountains and deserts, more than any 
other State, belongs to the Union; for here more than elsewhere we find 
persons from every town and city from Maine to Florida, all drawn by 
golden dreams to this fair El Dorado. 

From Newhall we took cars to Los Angeles, the quaint city of the 
State, with old Spanish houses still standing. We lingered here a day, 
and visited the large Orange Groves ; had our carriage half filled with 
oranges, for they lay upon the ground like apples in our apple orchards 
at home. We are now almost five hundred miles south of San Francisco, 
or a greater distance than from New York to Richmond. 

The best hotel at Los Angeles, is the Pico House, (Francisco Pico, Pro- 
prietor ; John Whitney, Manager). At the solicitation of porters on the 
train we were driven to the other, (the name escapes us), but after we 
had looked it over, we summoned another hack, and finally reached the 
Pico. It is located in the centre of the city, and presents to the visitor 
who enters, a certain Oriental, or tropical vision, with its fountain, court 
filled with orange trees, grapes, roses, limes and bananas. From Los 
Angeles we started at 1:30 'P. M., for the Big Trees and the t Yo Semite. 
Soon after leaving the station we pass through a long tunnel, about 6,000 



feet in length, and soon found ourselves on the plain of theMojavie Des- 
ert, (pronounced Mohavie), and this was desolation made desolate. The 
Great American Desert was nothing to this climax of sandiness. The 
wind howled across this plain to such an extent that a gentleman from 
Maine in the next seat remarked, that a Bangor winter blast was gentle 
music in comparison, and that same man, in less than half an hour, at 
the supper station, in attempting to hang on to his wife and hat at the 
same time, missed his hold of the latter, and consumed his "twenty 
minutes for refreshments " in the exhiliarating recreation of dodging that 
hat around a thousand acre lot of sage bushes. But he finally secured 
it. (The moral is : Don't jest with the breezes of the Mojavie). 

The New Stage Route foe the Yo Semite. — In the morning, 4:30, 
we arrived at Madera, found a good breakfast at a new hotel near the 
station, and at 6 A. M. took our places in the finest coach we have ever 
seen, either in the Old or the New World. They are styled the " Kim- 
ball Coach," and it bears the same relation to the other Yo Semite 
coaches, that an elegant Pullman car bears to an emigrant caboose. They 
are elegant in every particular, and the route to the Yo Semite is now 
rendered a delightful experience. The new road, completed June 1, 
79, is the route, and the shortest stage line for the valley. The traveler, 
who has only a limited time, can drive through the "Mariposa Big 
Trees," via this route, and thereby save one day, although the Big Trees 
are certainly worth a day by themselves. We arrived at 

Big Teee Station, where we found a new hotel, which has a delight- 
ful location on a branch of the Merced River. We lingered here three 
days, one day on our way to the valley, and two days on return trip, and 
we would have been delighted to have spent three weeks. This is the 
very heart of the Sierras, only twenty-two miles from the Yo Semite, and 
the air seemed to possess more health and vigor than any point of the 
western coast. 7 A. M. we were off for the Big Trees, and a picturesque 
party of thirteen took the trail for a visit to the monarchs of the forest. 
After a pleasant ride of an hour or so we reached the four trees that 
guard the threshold, named, New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts 
and Vermont, But we havn't time to indicate by name, in fact it would 
take a volume by itself to describe the 640 trees which make up the most 

162 



wonderful "orchard" of the world. Each tree would be worthy of a 
page, and we would have a volume of 640 pages — and we are limited to 
twenty lines. We rode through trees lying'prostrate, and out through a 
knot hole. We walked over trees where a person could drive a coach with 
six horses. We stood, all twelve of us, on horseback in the hollow of a 
tree still standing. We rode into one tree, known as "Bruce's Tele- 
scope," and looked up 120 feet at the sky and floating clouds. (The tree 
was named after a gentleman who accompanied us, brother of one of the 
hotel proprietors of the Big Tree Station, and the incident, I believe, 
was this : Two or three years ago Prof. Barker and a party of scientific 
persons were visiting the trees, and told this Mr. Bruce where they noted 
the last eclipse, and he told them that he would show them his place of 
observation for matters of that kind, and took them to this tree, and it 
has been known as Bruce's Telescope from that day). We saw the Lady 
of the Forest dressed in satin bark ; we saw the old Grizzly, one hun- 
dred feet at the base, whose branch one hundred feet from the ground 
is larger than any tree we have seen on the Atlantic coast. We saw the 
Poets, standing together like "Boston Greatness" in a group. We 
took dinner near the great tree known as Andy Johnson, (as it fell the 
week of his death), and we still remember the clear spring and the rustic 
table; we visited "Inspiration Point," No. 1, with its grand view of 
mountain and canon, and returned that night with pictures stamped in 
memory never to be effaced. That one day alone is well worth the trip 
across the Continent. There are one or two other groves in the vicinity 
of the Yo Semite, but we understand from those who have visited both, 
that the Mariposa Grove is the grandest in extent, and the one to be seen 
by the tourist. 

The Yo Semite. — One morning about 7 o'clock, we left the Big Tree 
Station for the Yo Semite. It was rather early in the season, about the 
11th of June, if we remember, and we encountered quite a snow storm 
en route. But the combination of snow, forest, rocks, and at last, sun- 
shine, made a very complete picture. About noon we came in sight of 
El Capitan Mountain, and halted at Inspiration Point. The view here 
is grand, glorious and impressive. Now we begin the descent, and in an 
hour of skillful and rapid driving, pass from an altitude of 7,000 feet to 

163 



the level of the valley, which is 4,000 feet above the sea. On our left is 
the sheer wall of El Capitan, on the right the Cathedral Spires. Farther 
on to the left, we see the Three Brothers and the " Yosemite Fall," and 
again on the left, the "Bridal Veil" and Sentinel Bock. Under the 
shadow of Sentinel Bock we stopped at Black's hotel, which, taken all in 
all, we consider the pleasantest place for the Yo Semite visitor. It has 
the grandest and most picturesque location of any in the Valley. The 
"Yo Semite" is directly in front, falling 2,600 feet, (or half a mile per- 
pendicular). The Sentinel Bock, rising 3,200 feet in the rear, like an 
immense stalagmite of a mammoth cavern, and on all sides of the great 
amphitheatre which opens out in front of the hotel, great walls of rock 
rise halfway to the sky. We located here, sat up until midnight to see 
the moon rise, and got up at sun-rise to see "Mirror Lake," and we are 
not sure which hour is the lovliest, Yo Semite by moonlight, or in the 
gray light of morning. On our right we see Union Point and Glazier 
Point, and on the left we pass close to the Boyal Arches and Washing- 
ton's column. Before us now we see the great South Dome, 5,100 feet 
above the valley, which looks as if it had been cleft into by the stroke of 
"Thor's Hammer." Farther on up the Valley we see Cloud's Best, 
6,000 feet, and Watkins, and on our left the "North Dome," almost 
5,000 feet above us. We stop at Mirror Lake just a minute before sun- 
rise. The reflection in the Lake is very perfect, and there is no drive in 
the Yo Semite more charming than this ; and one thing we are sure of, 
whoever patronizes the line run by Mr. Marcus Hedges, will get a goodly 
quantity of Yo Semite information, provided he feels as talkative as he 
did that special morning. 

Glazieb Point. — We started one morning at 7 A. M., for Glazier Point, 
a well kept trail, and perfectly safe. We had for guide, a man well in- 
formed on many subjects, Mr. L. G. Wharton, who, by the way, is Jus- 
tice of the Peace in the Valley, and therefore a safe man to have along. 
Whether he is " up on the law" or not we cannot say, but he is certainly 
well up on the mountains, as he knows every trail within sixty miles. 
He gave us enough material on that trip to write a quarto on the Yo 
Semite, and we have the notes tied up somewhere, so there is no danger 
of their getting loose. The view from Glazier's Point reverses the Val- 

164 



ley view. From the valley the visitor has to look straight up. From 
the Point he has to look straight down. The Merced winds through the 
valley as crooked as the Connecticut through the meadows of Hadley. 
It seemed very prosaic to eat dinner in the midst oi so much beauty, but 
we were hungry, and it is said that even artists eat once a week in this 
section. But the view from this open air dining-room helped out the 
bill of fare amazingly. The Yernal and Nevada Falls on one side, and 
the Yo Semite on the other, and all around us mountains from 10,000 to 
13,000 feet above the sea. We met on our trip persons who had just vis- 
ited the Alps, Englishmen, too, who said that there was no comparison, 
that the Yo Semite stood alone in grandure and sublimity. But there is 
only one more page left for us to get home in, and we return at once to 
San Francisco. We would like to speak of Belmont, where we passed a 
pleasant Sabbath. Of beautiful Santa Clara, where it seemed like home, 
in the company of one whose name is well known to many in the Hud- 
son Valley, the Bev. Quincy Collins, who has genuine love for the Pa- 
cific slope. I would like to speak of Lake Tahoe, where we passed a 
quiet and happy day, (a lake 6,000 feet above the sea), some 20 or 25 
miles in diameter, but we have no. further space, if we keep our prom- 
ise, in reference to Denver, where we stopped on our return trip. We 
run down from Cheyenne, and had a pleasant time in this flourishing 
city. We found a pleasant place to rest at the " Alvord House," which 
is, without doubt, the best of the three claimants for patronage. The 
great travel for Leadville has given new impetus to the city, and the streets 
showed great thrift and prosperity. Denver has long been noted as a 
health resort, and for those who need dry mountain air, there is no bet- 
ter place for the invalid. We returned to New York via St. Louis and 
the Pan Handle route to Pittsburg, and if the reader is in doubt, after 
reading these hastily written pages, whether we had a good time or not, 
on this western trip, we will assure him right here, that we had. 



Illustrated Poem, 

"THE YO SEMITE/ 

By WALLACE BRUCE, 

WILL BE PUBLISHED NEXT OCTOBER. 

I6 S 



THE GREAT FALL RIVER LINE 

BETWEEN 

JVfe.w Yofk ki\d So^toi\, 



Quickest and Most Direct Route to 
TAUNTON, NEW BEDFORD, CAPE COD, MARTHA'S VINEYARD, 
NANTUCKET, LOWELL, LAWRENCE, NASHUA, MANCHES- 
TER, CONCORD, PORTLAND, BANGOR, MOUNT 
DESERT, WHITE MOUNTAINS, Etc., Etc 

MAMMOTH PALACE STEAMERS, 

"BRISTOL" i "PROVIDENCE" 

Largest, Finest and most Costly Steamers of their Class in the World. 

Splendid Bands of Music 

Accompany each Steamer diaring tlie season of pleasure 

travel. 



Steamers leave NEW YORK from Pier 28, North River, foot of Murray Street. Trains 
connecting with Steamers at Fall River— 49 miles— leave BOSTON from Old Colony R. R. 
Depot, cor. South and Kneeland Sts. 

BROOKLYN and JERSEY CITY PASSENGERS transferred free, via Annex boat, 
to and from Pier of this Line. 

J. R. KENDRICK, GEO. L. CONNOR, 

Sup't. G. P. A. 



Pennsylvania Railroad Co, 

PRINCIPAL TICKET OFFICES. 



BOSTON.— 203 and 205 Washington Street. 

NEW YORK— 526 Broadway ; 1 Astor House, 944 Broadway; 8 Bat- 
tery Place; Depot, foot of Desbrosses Street; Depot, foot of Courtlandt Street; 
Depot, Jersey City; Busch's Hotel, Hoboken. 

BROOKLYN— 4 Court Street; Brooklyn Annex Depot, foot of Ful- 
ton Street. 

PHILADELPHIA.— 838 Chestnut Street; S. E. cor. Broad and Chest- 
nut Streets; 116 Market Street; Depot, 32d and Market Streets; Depot, foot 
of Market Street; 4 Chelten Avenue, Germantown. 

BALTIMORE.— N. E. Corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets; Union 
Depot, Charles Street; Calvert Station, Northern Central Railway. 

WASHINGTON— N. E. Cor. 13th Street and Pennsylvania Ave. ; 
N. E. Cor. 6th Street and Pennsylvania Ave. ; Depot Baltimore and Potomac 
Railroad, cor. 6th and B Streets. 

RICHMOND.— 826 Main Street; Exchange Hotel; Depot R. F, &P. 
R. R., cor. Eighth and Byrd Streets. 

HARRISBTJRG.^ 12 North 3rd Street; Depot. 

PITTSBURG.— 78 Fifth Avenue; Union Depot. 



DISTEIOT PASSENGER AGENTS. 

CYRUS S. HALDEMAN, New England Agent, 

203 and 205 "Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 
SAM'L. CARPENTER, Gen. Eastern Passenger Agent, 

- 526 Broadway, New York. 

J. N. ABBEY, Passenger Agent, Philadelphia District, 

101 South Broad Street, Philadelphia. 

ED. S. YOUNG, Ass't Gen. Ticket Agent, 

South-Eastern Disk, Baltimore, Md. 

J. K SHOEMAKER, Passenger Agt., Middle District, 

12 North Third St., Harrisburg, Pa. 

THOS. E. WATT, Passenger Agt, Western District, 

78 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 



Pennsylvania Railroad 

GREAT TRUNK LINE 

AND 

United States Mail Route 

is universally acknowledged to be 

THE MODEL EAILEOAD OF AMERICA, 

Bepresenting in its construction and equipment, the courtesy and discipline of 

its employees, and its entire management, the most advanced standard 

and the best adapted to make railway travel 

SAFE, SWIFT, LUXURIOUS, 

And in every way satisfactory. 

DPXJXuLl^rJklSr FJ^TjJ^CtJEl OARS 

FEOM ) New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, 
TO ) Chicago, Cincinnati, Louisville, Indianapolis & St. Louis , 
WITHOUT CHANGE. 

PULLMAN HOTEL OARS 

Are also now running between 

NEW YORK and. CHICAGO, 

« NEW YORK and ST. LOUIS. 

Passengers by this popular route will find its management characterized by 
that close attention to all minor details which make or mar the enjoyment of a 
trip by rail. 



Ask for Tickets 
Via PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. 

FRANK THOMSON, L. P. FARMER, 

General Manager, Cen'l Passenger AgU 




COSMOPOLITAN HOTEL, 

EUROPEAN PLAN, 

Cor. Chambers Street &. West Broadway, N. Y. 

FIRST-CLASS ACCOMMODATIONS FOR 400 GUESTS. 
THIS HOTEL HAS BEEN RECENTLY PITTED UP FOR THE COMPORT, SAFE- 
TY AND CONVENIENCE OP ITS GUESTS. 

It is centrally located, the principal City Railways pass the door, is five minutes' walk of 
the New Jersey Central, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, Erie i Rail- 
roads, all Hudson River Steamboats ; within fifteen minutes' ride of Grand Central Depot 
and Central Park by Elevated Railroad. An Otis Brothers' Elevator carries guests to ev- 
ery floor, rerdering all rooms easy of access. The house contains a Barber's Shop with range 
of Baths, a Railroad Ticket Office where Tickets may be obtained at the same prices as at 
the depots, a Billiard Room, and a News Office for the sale of Daily and Weekly Papers, 

Periodicals, Etc. Rooms, $I.OO per Day, and upwards. 

Rooms, for two, $1.50 per day and upwards, according to Location of Rooms. 

N. & S. J. HUCCBNS, Proprietors. 

First- Class RESTAURANT, at Popular Trices. 



BOSTON. 

" The rocky nook with hill tops three, 
Looked eastward from the farms ; 
And twice each day the flowing sea 
Took Boston in its arms." 

One of the pleasantest routes returning from the White Mountains, is 
via the Boston, Concord and Montreal E. B., to Boston. There is no 
city on the continent of greater interest or finer associations to the gen- 
uine American; and it is generally remarked that a foreigner takes nat- 
urally to the new "Athens. " The central and business parts of the city are 







AMERICAN HOUSE, BOSTON, MASS., 
Lewis Rice & Son, Proprietors, 
suggestive of many of the oldest cities of Europe. The Boston Common — 
Bunker Hill, Charlestown — the old tree at Cambridge, where Washington 
took command of the American army, and his Headquarters, (now the 
home of Longfellow,) the grounds of Harvard, the fine Public Buildings, 
present sufficient attraction for a week's visit. The Old South Church, 
the State House, and Faneuil Hall, are in the very heart of the city, and 
near at hand the American House, built on the site of the home of 
General Joseph Warren, the, hero of '76. This house is one of the best 
managed and most attractive of New England first-class hotels, and the 
proprietors have won an enviable reputation for their uniform excellence 
of table and the home-like comfort which pervades their establishment. 



for 

West Point, Cornwall, Newburgh, 

Poughkeepsie, Rondout and 

Kingston, Landing at Coz- 

zens, Milton, New Ham 

Iburgh and Hyde 

Park. 



THE S T E .A. ZMI B O .A.T 

MARY POWELL, 

Will Leave Every Afternoon (Sundays Excepted), 



FROM FOOT OF 

VESTRY STREET, 
3:10 o'clock. 



FROM FOOT OF 

24TH STREET, 
3:30 o'clock. 



By this line an opportunity is afforded of viewing CRO' NEST, STORM KING, and other 

points of beauty and historic interest. The Tourist sees the HUDSON HIGHLANDS 

"at the gloaming," the finest hour for Mountain and River Scenery. 



PfWKT'E'fTTfWQ To and , from , Brooklyn by the boats of the Brooklyn Annex. 
UUaN iN £(W«L AUANtJ. With Elevated Railways at Canal, Grand and 23d Streets. At 
Poughkeepsie with Evening Trains .for the North, via. H. R. R. R., and with Eerry to Highland. 
At Rondout with U. & D. R. R. At Y/est Point with Ferry to Cold Spring. At Newburgh 
with Ferry and .Stage to Fishkill Landing, Matteawan, Groveville, Glenham and Fishkill Vil- 
lage. At New Hamburgh with Ferry to Hampton and Marlborough, and with Stage to Wap- 
pingers' Falls. At Hyde Park by Ferry to West Park. 

Tickets Sold and Baggage Checked on the boat to Philadelphia, also at the 
offices of the Pennsylvania Railroad and North Penn. Railroad in Philadelphia, and Baggage 
checked through to all points on the route of the Mary Powell. 

Tickets Sold and ISaggage Checked to all Stations on the Ulster & Delaware 
R. R. for the Catskill Mountains. 



B^ MEALS SERVED AT ALL HOURS, ^fl 

Baggage by Express Received at Vestry Street only. 



C. J. PITT. 



v plTT * c 



E. H. WARD. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



SHOW CASES. 




OFFICE AND WAREROOMS: 

Nos. 226 & 228 CANAL ST. 

(Both near Centre St.) 

NEW YORK. 



FACTORY: 

Nos. 2 & 4 HOWAED ST. 



SHOW OASES OF ALL KINDS MADE TO ORDER. 

Estimates given on all kinds of work in our line. Send for Illustrated 
Catalogue with prices. 

ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. 



'Please state where you saw this advertisement." 



■71 



THE CELEBRATED 

WOOTON DESK, 

Containing over lOO Compartments, all closed 
with one key. 

THE MOST COMPLETE DESK EVER INVENTED. 

T. 6, SELLEW, 

Agent, 111 Fulton St., New York. 




T. G. SELLEW, 



MANUFACTUBEB OF 



DESKS, 

OFFICE f LIBRARY FURNITURE, 

I I 1 Fulton Street, New York. 

FINE CYLINDER AND ROLL DESKS. 

OFFICES FITTED UP WITH COUNTERS AND PARTITIONS. 



D. 



ADRIANCE, PLATT & CO., JL 



MAXtTFACTURERS OF 



8UCKEYE M0WERS& REAPERS.&The ADRIANCE REAPER, 

165 GREENWICH STREET, 

Manufactory, POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. (Near Courtlandt,) NEW YOKE. 

BUCKEYE 

Has for &4 Years held its po- 
sition as the Leading MOW- 
ER AND JREAPEB of the 
World. 

It is superior to all others in 
the principles of its construction 
and while its Average Durabil- 
ity has been more than double 
that of other machines, the cost 
of keeping it in repair has been 
less than one-half. 

The ADEIANOE is a Light, Strong, Simple and 

EFFICIENT ^^ ; 

REAPER, 

Containing M R E GOOD 
POINTS than any other, and 
is a worthy companion to the 
BUCKEYE MOWER. 




Prices reduced to the lowest 
point at which it is possible to 
maintain the high standard 
of excellence in Material and 
Workmanship. 

DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULARS FORWARDED BY MAIL. 




-THE ALBANY," 

The Floating Palace. 

Our Guide was in the press before the "Albany " made her first trij 
up the Hudson, but we have reserved the prominent page of our Mar 
to present a brief description, which will be of interest to the tourist. 
The steamer is 300 feet in length, and 73 feet 3 inches in width ovei 
the guards. (Length on the water-line 285 feet, with width of beam 4C 
feet.) The hull is of steel, divided into four water-tight compartments 
without connections, so that it is next to impossible for her to sink. 
The engines were built by Fletcher, Harrison & Co., of New York, o^ 
the vertical beam description, with cylinders 73 inches and 12 feet stroke, 
The Dining Eoom is on the main deck, and superb in its appoint- 
ments. It is safe to say that there is nothing which approaches it in 
"taste and beauty" in any steamer in the world. The Grand Staircas* I 
aft is elegantly designed, and at the head of this staircase is Palmer's 
exquisite piece of sculptured marble, "June," while fore and aft o: 
the staircase are paintings by Bierstadt and Cropsy. It is fitting tha- 
Palmer's "June "should greet the tourist on the "Albany, "for Pal 
mer's home is in the city which has given name to the new steamer, anc 
as it is a " Summer Boat," "June" is a fitting embodiment of the sea- 
son. The saloon is grand and beautiful, and the wide semicircle of win- 
dows to the front will hold hundreds of admirers of the Palisades and 
the Highlands. The staterooms on the " Promenade Deck " are as beau- 
tiful as a " Chinese Box," and the "Hurricane Deck" has room for a 
thousand promenaders. 

One page is not enough to do the "Albany" justice. Her first trip 
up the river was a perfect ovation. The Landings were crowded, bells 
were rung, cannon fired, and there were "nine hours of whistling " from 
New York to Albany. It proved the popularity of the Day Line, for 
nothing like it ever occurred before on the Hudson. 

Thuestt McQuddl. 



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L 



THADDEUS DAVIDS & CO'S 

FIRST PREMIUM 

WRITING INKS, 

f AOT 

WRITING FLUIDS, 

In all their Variety. 
MUCILAGE, SEALING WAX, 

Bto„ Etc., 

For the Trade only. 

125 and 127 WILLIAM STREE^ 
NEW YORK. 



! 








LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 107 647 4 4 






For Sale at the NEWS STANDS f the 

ALBANY and C. VIBBARD. 

These Glasses relieve, the eye from any glare of Sunlight, a-id giv< 
cheerful View of the Landscape. 

►—»♦•— « 

Don't fail to see the HUDSON HIGHLANDS through the 

3L.UE OIEt AMBER O L, A. S £ 



Time TaWe of the ALBANY and C, VIBBARD for 1880. 



OT2 




GOING NORTH. 

New York: A M. 

Vestry St 8.35 

24th St 9.^0 

Nyack Ferry 10.25 

West Point 11.50 

P.M. 

Newbury 12.25 

Po'keepsie 1,15 

Khiiiebeck 2.1 O 

Catski 11 3.25 

J 1 iul -no n 3.1 5 

Albany 6.10 



GOING SOUTH. 


A M. 
... 8.30 






10.40 






1 1.00 


<- 


Rhiiiebcek 

Po'keepsie 

Newbiirsth 

West Point 


P. M. 
12.25 
1.20 
2.15 
2.50 
... 4.05 


>— 
<=r 

"c= 


New York: 

24th Si 

Vestry St 


5.30 
5.50 


t 

cr 



Guide kindred to this in style and description, " From New York to i 
mmer IIesorts of New England," will be forwarded, postpaid, to any addrt 
r 25 cents, by addressing the Publisher, 

GAYLOED WATSON, 61 Beekman St., N. 

so, copies of 'The Hudson by Daylight," at the same pi-ice. 
Maps --.-..._. forwarded. 

C^aft aijd Sook PtLbli^e] 

linds of Map Coloring and Mounting for the Trade, 



STREET, 



♦ 1838. ' 



w 



